Uredba o ratifikaciji Dopolnilnega protokola k ženevskim konvencijam z dne 12. avgusta 1949 o sprejetju dodatnega razpoznavnega znaka (protokol III)

Ratificira se Dopolnilni protokol k ženevskim konvencijam z dne 12. avgusta 1949 o sprejetju dodatnega razpoznavnega znaka (protokol III), sprejet v Ženevi 8. decembra 2005.

Protokol se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: The High Contracting Parties, (PP1) Reaffirming the provisions of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (in particular Articles 26, 38, 42 and 44 of the First Geneva Convention) and, where applicable, their Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 (in particular Articles 18 and 38 of Additional Protocol I and Article 12 of Additional Protocol II), concerning the use of distinctive emblems, (PP2) Desiring to supplement the aforementioned provisions so as to enhance their protective value and universal character, (PP3) Noting that this Protocol is without prejudice to the recognized right of High Contracting Parties to continue to use the emblems they are using in conformity with their obligations under the Geneva Conventions and, where applicable, the Protocols additional thereto, (PP4) Recalling that the obligation to respect persons and objects protected by the Geneva Conventions and the Protocols additional thereto derives from their protected status under international law and is not dependent on use of the distinctive emblems, signs or signals, (PP5) Stressing that the distinctive emblems are not intended to have any religious, ethnic, racial, regional or political significance, (PP6) Emphasizing the importance of ensuring full respect for the obligations relating to the distinctive emblems recognized in the Geneva Conventions, and, where applicable, the Protocols additional thereto, (PP7) Recalling that Article 44 of the First Geneva Convention makes the distinction between the protective use and the indicative use of the distinctive emblems, (PP8) Recalling further that National Societies undertaking activities on the territory of another State must ensure that the emblems they intend to use within the framework of such activities may be used in the country where the activity takes place and in the country or countries of transit, (PP9) Recognizing the difficulties that certain States and National Societies may have with the use of the existing distinctive emblems, (PP10) Noting the determination of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to retain their current names and emblems, Have agreed on the following: 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for this Protocol in all circumstances. 2. This Protocol reaffirms and supplements the provisions of the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 ("the Geneva Conventions") and, where applicable, of their two Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 ("the 1977 Additional Protocols") relating to the distinctive emblems, namely the red cross, the red crescent and the red lion and sun, and shall apply in the same situations as those referred to in these provisions. 1. This Protocol recognizes an additional distinctive emblem in addition to, and for the same purposes as, the distinctive emblems of the Geneva Conventions. The distinctive emblems shall enjoy equal status. 2. This additional distinctive emblem, composed of a red frame in the shape of a square on edge on a white ground, shall conform to the illustration in the Annex to this Protocol. This distinctive emblem is referred to in this Protocol as the "third Protocol emblem". 3. The conditions for use of and respect for the third Protocol emblem are identical to those for the distinctive emblems established by the Geneva Conventions and, where applicable, the 1977 Additional Protocols. 4. The medical services and religious personnel of armed forces of High Contracting Parties may, without prejudice to their current emblems, make temporary use of any distinctive emblem referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article where this may enhance protection. 1. National Societies of those High Contracting Parties which decide to use the third Protocol emblem may, in using the emblem in conformity with relevant national legislation, choose to incorporate within it, for indicative purposes: a) a distinctive emblem recognized by the Geneva Conventions or a combination of these emblems; or b) another emblem which has been in effective use by a High Contracting Party and was the subject of a communication to the other High Contracting Parties and the International Committee of the Red Cross through the depositary prior to the adoption of this Protocol. Incorporation shall conform to the illustration in the Annex to this Protocol. 2. A National Society which chooses to incorporate within the third Protocol emblem another emblem in accordance with paragraph 1 above, may, in conformity with national legislation, use the designation of that emblem and display it within its national territory. 3. National Societies may, in accordance with national legislation and in exceptional circumstances and to facilitate their work, make temporary use of the distinctive emblem referred to in Article 2 of this Protocol. 4. This Article does not affect the legal status of the distinctive emblems recognized in the Geneva Conventions and in this Protocol, nor does it affect the legal status of any particular emblem when incorporated for indicative purposes in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article. The International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and their duly authorized personnel, may use, in exceptional circumstances and to facilitate their work, the distinctive emblem referred to in Article 2 of this Protocol. The medical services and religious personnel participating in operations under the auspices of the United Nations may, with the agreement of participating States, use one of the distinctive emblems mentioned in Articles 1 and 2. 1. The provisions of the Geneva Conventions and, where applicable, the 1977 Additional Protocols, governing prevention and repression of misuse of the distinctive emblems shall apply equally to the third Protocol emblem. In particular, the High Contracting Parties shall take measures necessary for the prevention and repression, at all times, of any misuse of the distinctive emblems mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 and their designations, including the perfidious use and the use of any sign or designation constituting an imitation thereof. 2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 above, High Contracting Parties may permit prior users of the third Protocol emblem, or of any sign constituting an imitation thereof, to continue such use, provided that the said use shall not be such as would appear, in time of armed conflict, to confer the protection of the Geneva Conventions and, where applicable, the 1977 Additional Protocols, and provided that the rights to such use were acquired before the adoption of this Protocol. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of armed conflict, to disseminate this Protocol as widely as possible in their respective countries and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military instruction and to encourage the study thereof by the civilian population, so that this instrument may become known to the armed forces and to the civilian population. This Protocol shall be open for signature by the Parties to the Geneva Conventions on the day of its adoption and will remain open for a period of twelve months. This Protocol shall be ratified as soon as possible. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Swiss Federal Council, depositary of the Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocols. This Protocol shall be open for accession by any Party to the Geneva Conventions which has not signed it. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the depositary. 1. This Protocol shall enter into force six months after two instruments of ratification or accession have been deposited. 2. For each Party to the Geneva Conventions thereafter ratifying or acceding to this Protocol, it shall enter into force six months after the deposit by such Party of its instrument of ratification or accession. 1. When the Parties to the Geneva Conventions are also Parties to this Protocol, the Conventions shall apply as supplemented by this Protocol. 2. When one of the Parties to the conflict is not bound by this Protocol, the Parties to the Protocol shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore be bound by this Protocol in relation to each of the Parties which are not bound by it, if the latter accepts and applies the provisions thereof. 1. Any High Contracting Party may propose amendments to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment shall be communicated to the depositary, which shall decide, after consultation with all the High Contracting Parties, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, whether a conference should be convened to consider the proposed amendment. 2. The depositary shall invite to that conference all the High Contracting Parties as well as the Parties to the Geneva Conventions, whether or not they are signatories of this Protocol. 1. In case a High Contracting Party should denounce this Protocol, the denunciation shall only take effect one year after receipt of the instrument of denunciation. If, however, on the expiry of that year the denouncing Party is engaged in a situation of armed conflict or occupation, the denunciation shall not take effect before the end of the armed conflict or occupation. 2. The denunciation shall be notified in writing to the depositary, which shall transmit it to all the High Contracting Parties. 3. The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing Party. 4. Any denunciation under paragraph 1 shall not affect the obligations already incurred, by reason of the armed conflict or occupation, under this Protocol by such denouncing Party in respect of any act committed before this denunciation becomes effective. The depositary shall inform the High Contracting Parties as well as the Parties to the Geneva Conventions, whether or not they are signatories of this Protocol, of: a) signatures affixed to this Protocol and the deposit of instruments of ratification and accession under Articles 8, 9 and 10; b) the date of entry into force of this Protocol under Article 11 within ten days of said entry into force; c) communications received under Article 13; d) denunciations under Article 14. 1. After its entry into force, this Protocol shall be transmitted by the depositary to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication, in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. 2. The depositary shall also inform the Secretariat of the United Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to this Protocol. The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the depositary, which shall transmit certified true copies thereof to all the Parties to the Geneva Conventions. Annex: Third protocol emblem Incorporation in accordance with Art. 3 Visoke pogodbenice so se ob ponovni potrditvi določb ženevskih konvencij z dne 12. avgusta 1949 (zlasti 26., 38., 42. in 44. člena prve ženevske konvencije), in kadar je ustrezno, dopolnilnih protokolov z dne 8. junija 1977 (zlasti 18. in 38. člena dopolnilnega protokola I in 12. člena dopolnilnega protokola II) o uporabi razpoznavnih znakov, z željo dopolniti omenjene določbe tako, da se povečata njihova zaščitna vrednost in splošna narava, ob upoštevanju, da ta protokol ne vpliva na priznano pravico visokih pogodbenic, da še naprej uporabljajo znake skladno s svojimi obveznostmi po ženevskih konvencijah, in kadar je ustrezno, po dopolnilnih protokolih h konvencijam, ob upoštevanju, da obveznost spoštovati osebe in predmete, ki jih ščitijo ženevske konvencije in dopolnilni protokoli h konvencijam, izhaja iz njihovega položaja, zaščitenega po mednarodnem pravu, in ni odvisna od uporabe razpoznavnih emblemov, znakov ali signalov, ob poudarjanju, da razpoznavni znaki nimajo verskega, etničnega, rasnega, regionalnega ali političnega pomena, ob poudarjanju, da je pomembno zagotoviti popolno spoštovanje obveznosti, ki se nanašajo na razpoznavne znake, priznane v ženevskih konvencijah, in kadar je ustrezno, v dopolnilnih protokolih h konvencijam, ob upoštevanju, da 44. člen prve ženevske konvencije razlikuje med zaščitno in označevalno uporabo razpoznavnih znakov, tudi ob upoštevanju, da morajo nacionalna društva, ki so dejavna na območju druge države, zagotoviti, da se lahko znaki, ki jih nameravajo uporabljati v okviru svojih dejavnosti, uporabljajo v državi, v kateri poteka dejavnost, in v državi ali državah tranzita, ob priznavanju težav, ki jih lahko imajo države in nacionalna društva z uporabo obstoječih razpoznavnih znakov, ob upoštevanju odločenosti Mednarodnega odbora Rdečega križa, Mednarodne federacije društev Rdečega križa in Rdečega polmeseca in Mednarodnega gibanja Rdečega križa in Rdečega polmeseca, da obdržijo svoja trenutna imena in znake, dogovorile: 1. Visoke pogodbenice se zavezujejo, da bodo upoštevale ta protokol in zagotavljale, da se upošteva v vseh okoliščinah. 2. Ta protokol ponovno potrjuje in dopolnjuje določbe štirih ženevskih konvencij z dne 12. avgusta 1949 (»ženevske konvencije«), in kadar je ustrezno, njihovih dveh dopolnilnih protokolov z dne 8. junija 1977 (»dopolnilni protokoli iz leta 1977«) o razpoznavnih znakih, in sicer rdečem križu, rdečem polmesecu ter rdečem levu in soncu, ter se uporablja v razmerah, na katere se te določbe nanašajo. 1. Ta protokol poleg razpoznavnih znakov ženevskih konvencij in za iste namene priznava dodatni razpoznavni znak. Vsi razpoznavni znaki imajo enak status. 2. Dodatni razpoznavni znak, sestavljen iz rdečega okvirja v obliki kvadrata, ki stoji na konici na beli podlagi, je skladen s ponazoritvijo v prilogi k temu protokolu. Razpoznavni znak je v tem protokolu imenovan »znak iz tretjega protokola«. 3. Pogoji uporabe in upoštevanja znaka iz tretjega protokola so enaki tistim, ki veljajo za razpoznavne znake, določene z ženevskimi konvencijami, in kadar je ustrezno, dopolnilnimi protokoli iz leta 1977. 4. Zdravstvene službe in versko osebje oboroženih sil visokih pogodbenic lahko ne glede na trenutne znake začasno uporabljajo kateri koli razpoznavni znak iz prvega odstavka tega člena, kadar bi to lahko povečalo zaščito. 1. Nacionalna društva tistih visokih pogodbenic, ki se odločijo za uporabo znaka iz tretjega protokola, lahko pri njegovi uporabi v skladu z ustrezno notranjo zakonodajo zaradi označevanja v znak vključijo: a) razpoznavni znak, ki ga priznavajo ženevske konvencije, ali kombinacijo teh znakov ali b) drug znak, ki ga je visoka pogodbenica dejansko uporabljala in je depozitar o tem še pred sprejetjem tega protokola obvestil druge visoke pogodbenice ter Mednarodni odbor Rdečega križa. Vključitev mora biti skladna s ponazoritvijo v prilogi k temu protokolu. 2. Nacionalno društvo, ki se odloči, da bo skladno s prvim odstavkom v znak tretjega protokola vključila drug znak, lahko v skladu z notranjo zakonodajo uporabi ta znak in ga prikazuje na svojem državnem ozemlju. 3. Nacionalna društva lahko v skladu z notranjo zakonodajo in v izjemnih okoliščinah ter z namenom, da si olajšajo delo, začasno uporabljajo razpoznavni znak iz 2. člena tega protokola. 4. Ta člen ne vpliva na pravni status razpoznavnih znakov, priznanih v ženevskih konvencijah in tem protokolu, in ne vpliva na pravni status katerega koli posebnega znaka, kadar se zaradi označevanja vključi skladno s prvim odstavkom tega člena. Mednarodni odbor Rdečega križa, Mednarodna federacija društev Rdečega križa in Rdečega polmeseca in njuno pravilno pooblaščeno osebje lahko v izjemnih okoliščinah in z namenom, da si olajšajo delo, uporabljajo razpoznavni znak iz 2. člena tega protokola. Zdravstvene službe in versko osebje, ki sodelujejo v operacijah v okviru Združenih narodov, lahko s soglasjem sodelujočih držav uporabljajo enega od razpoznavnih znakov iz 1. in 2. člena. 1. Določbe ženevskih konvencij, in kadar je ustrezno, dopolnilnih protokolov iz leta 1977, ki urejajo preprečevanje in zatiranje zlorabe razpoznavnih znakov, se uporabljajo tudi za znak iz tretjega protokola. Visoke pogodbenice še zlasti sprejmejo ukrepe za nenehno preprečevanje in zatiranje kakršne koli zlorabe razpoznavnih znakov iz 1. in 2. člena in njihovih poimenovanj ter zavajajoče uporabe in uporabe katerega koli znaka ali poimenovanja, ki jih posnema. 2. Ne glede na prvi odstavek lahko visoke pogodbenice uporabnikom, ki so znak iz tretjega protokola ali kateri koli znak, ki posnema ta znak, uporabljali že prej, dovolijo nadaljnjo uporabo, če taka uporaba ob oboroženih spopadih ne daje vtisa, da zagotavlja zaščito po ženevskih konvencijah, in kadar je ustrezno, dopolnilnih protokolih iz leta 1977, ter so bile pravice do take uporabe pridobljene pred sprejetjem tega protokola. Visoke pogodbenice se tako v miru in ob oboroženem spopadu zavezujejo, da bodo v svojih državah čim bolj razširjale vsebino tega protokola, še zlasti da bodo v svoje programe vojaškega izobraževanja vključevale njegovo preučevanje in k temu spodbujale tudi civilno prebivalstvo, tako da bodo s tem dokumentom seznanjene oborožene sile in civilno prebivalstvo. Ta protokol je z dnem sprejetja na voljo za podpis pogodbenicam ženevskih konvencij in ostaja na voljo za podpis dvanajst mesecev. Protokol se ratificira čim prej. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri Švicarskem zveznem svetu, depozitarju ženevskih konvencij in dopolnilnih protokolov iz leta 1977. K temu protokolu lahko pristopi vsaka pogodbenica ženevskih konvencij, ki protokola ni podpisala. Listine o pristopu se deponirajo pri depozitarju. 1. Ta protokol začne veljati šest mesecev po deponiranju dveh listin o ratifikaciji ali pristopu. 2. Za vsako pogodbenico ženevskih konvencij, ki protokol ratificira ali k njemu pristopi pozneje, začne protokol veljati šest mesecev po tem, ko pogodbenica deponira svojo listino o ratifikaciji ali pristopu. 1. Če so pogodbenice ženevskih konvencij tudi pogodbenice tega protokola, se konvencije uporabljajo z upoštevanjem dopolnitev tega protokola. 2. Če ene od strani v spopadu ta protokol ne zavezuje, pa še vedno zavezuje pogodbenice tega protokola v medsebojnih razmerjih. Zavezuje jih tudi v razmerju do vsake strani, ki je protokol ne zavezuje, če sprejme in uporablja njegove določbe. 1. Vsaka visoka pogodbenica lahko predlaga spremembe tega protokola. Besedilo vsake predlagane spremembe se pošlje depozitarju, ki se po posvetovanju z vsemi visokimi pogodbenicami, Mednarodnim odborom Rdečega križa in Mednarodno federacijo društev Rdečega križa in Rdečega polmeseca odloči, ali bi bilo treba sklicati konferenco, na kateri bi obravnavali predlagano spremembo. 2. Depozitar na konferenco povabi vse visoke pogodbenice in pogodbenice ženevskih konvencij, ne glede na to, ali so podpisnice tega protokola ali ne. 1. Če visoka pogodbenica odpove ta protokol, odpoved začne veljati šele eno leto po prejemu listine o odpovedi. Če pa je ob poteku enega leta pogodbenica, ki je protokol odpovedala, udeležena v oboroženem spopadu ali pri zasedbi, odpoved ne začne veljati pred koncem oboroženega spopada ali zasedbe. 2. Depozitar se pisno uradno obvesti o odpovedi, ki jo pošlje vsem visokim pogodbenicam. 3. Odpoved velja samo za pogodbenico, ki protokol odpove. 4. Odpoved po prvem odstavku ne vpliva na obveznosti po tem protokolu zaradi oboroženega spopada ali zasedbe, ki jih je pogodbenica, ki odpoveduje ta protokol, že sprejela za dejanja, storjena pred začetkom veljavnosti odpovedi. Ne glede na to, ali so podpisnice tega protokola, depozitar obvesti visoke pogodbenice in pogodbenice ženevskih konvencij o: a) podpisih tega protokola in deponiranju listin o ratifikaciji in pristopu po 8., 9. in 10. členu; b) datumu začetka veljavnosti tega protokola po 11. členu v 10 dneh od začetka veljavnosti; c) obvestilih, prejetih po 13. členu; d) odpovedih po 14. členu. 1. Ko ta protokol začne veljati, ga depozitar v skladu s 102. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov pošlje sekretariatu Združenih narodov v registracijo in objavo. 2. Depozitar obvesti sekretariat Združenih narodov tudi o vseh ratifikacijah, pristopih in odpovedih, prejetih v zvezi s tem protokolom. Izvirnik tega protokola, katerega besedila v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku so enako verodostojna, se deponira pri depozitarju, ki pošlje overjene kopije tega protokola vsem pogodbenicam ženevskih konvencij. Priloga: Znak iz tretjega protokola vključitev v skladu s 3. členom

Za izvajanje protokola skrbi Ministrstvo za zunanje zadeve.

Ta uredba začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe. Št. 00724-5/2008 Ljubljana, dne 24. januarja 2008 EVA 2008-1811-0046 Janez Janša l.r. Predsednik