MPRUV – Zakon o ratifikaciji Pogodbe o načelih, ki urejajo dejavnosti držav pri raziskovanju

2. členARTICLE I

Pogodba se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: 1 1Besedilo pogodbe v ruskem, francoskem, španskem in kitajskem jeziku je na vpogled v Sektorju za mednarodno pravo Ministrstva za zunanje zadeve. The States Parties to this Treaty, Inspired by the great prospects opening up before mankind as a result of mans entry into outer space, Recognizing the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Believing that the exploration and use of outer space should be carried on for the benefit of all peoples irrespective of the degree of their economic or scientific development, Desiring to contribute to broad international co-operation in the scientific as well as the legal aspects of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Believing that such co-operation will contribute to the development of mutual understanding and to the strengthening of friendly relations between States and peoples, Recalling resolution 1962 (XVIII), entitled „Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space,“ which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly on 13 December 1963, Recalling resolution 1884 (XVIII), calling upon States to refrain from placing in orbit around the Earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction or from installing such weapons on celestial bodies, which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly on 17 October 1963, Taking account of United Nations General Assembly resolution 110 (II) of 3 November 1947, which condemned propaganda designed or likely to provoke or encourage any threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression, and considering that the aforementioned resolution is applicable to outer space, Convinced that a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, will further the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Have agreed on the following: The exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind. Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be free for exploration and use by all States without discrimination of any kind, on a basis of equality and in accordance with international law, and there shall be free access to all areas of celestial bodies. There shall be freedom of scientific investigation in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, and States shall facilitate and encourage international co-operation in such investigation. Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. States Parties to the Treaty shall carry on activities in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, in the interest of maintaining international peace and security and promoting international co-operation and understanding. States Parties to the Treaty undertake not to place in orbit around the Earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction, install such weapons on celestial bodies, or station such weapons in outer space in any other manner. The Moon and other celestial bodies shall be used by all States Parties to the Treaty exclusively for peaceful purposes. The establishment of military bases, installations and fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and the conduct of military maneuvers on celestial bodies shall be forbidden. The use of military personnel for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes shall not be prohibited. The use of any equipment or facility necessary for peaceful exploration of the Moon and other celestial bodies shall also not be prohibited. States Parties to the Treaty shall regard astronauts as envoys of mankind in outer space and shall render to them all possible assistance in the event of accident, distress, or emergency landing on the territory of another State Party or on the high seas. When astronauts make such a landing, they shall be safely and promptly returned to the State of registry of their space vehicle. In carrying on activities in outer space and on celestial bodies, the astronauts of one State Party shall render all possible assistance to the astronauts of other States Parties. States Parties to the Treaty shall immediately inform the other States Parties to the Treaty or the Secretary-General of the United Nations of any phenomena they discover in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, which could constitute a danger to the life or health of astronauts. States Parties to the Treaty shall bear international responsibility for national activities in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are carried on by governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities, and for assuring that national activities are carried out in conformity with the provisions set forth in the present Treaty. The activities of non-governmental entities in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate State Party to the Treaty. When activities are carried on in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, by an international organization, responsibility for compliance with this Treaty shall be borne both by the international organization and by the States Parties to the Treaty participating in such organization. Each State Party to the Treaty that launches or procures the launching of an object into outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, and each State Party from whose territory or facility an object is launched, is internationally liable for damage to another State Party to the Treaty or to its natural or juridical persons by such object or its component parts on the Earth, in air space or in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies. A State Party to the Treaty on whose registry an object launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction and control over such object, and over any personnel thereof, while in outer space or on a celestial body. Ownership of objects launched into outer space, including objects landed or constructed on a celestial body, and of their component parts, is not affected by their presence in outer space or on a celestial body or by their return to the Earth. Such objects or component parts found beyond the limits of the State Party to the Treaty on whose registry they are carried shall be returned to that State Party, which shall, upon request, furnish identifying data prior to their return. In the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, States Parties to the Treaty shall be guided by the principle of co-operation and mutual assistance and shall conduct all their activities in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, with due regard to the corresponding interests of all other States Parties to the Treaty. States Parties to the Treaty shall pursue studies of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, and conduct exploration of them so as to avoid their harmful contamination and also adverse changes in the environment of the Earth resulting from the introduction of extraterrestrial matter and, where necessary, shall adopt appropriate measures for this purpose. If a State Party to the Treaty has reason to believe that an activity or experiment planned by it or its nationals in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, would cause potentially harmful interference with activities of other States Parties in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, it shall undertake appropriate international consultations before proceeding with any such activity or experiment. A State Party to the Treaty which has reason to believe that an activity or experiment planned by another State Party in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, would cause potentially harmful interference with activities in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, may request consultation concerning the activity or experiment. In order to promote international co-operation in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, in conformity with the purposes of this Treaty, the States Parties to the Treaty shall consider on a basis of equality any requests by other States Parties to the Treaty to be afforded an opportunity to observe the flight of space objects launched by those States. The nature of such an opportunity for observation and the conditions under which it could be afforded shall be determined by agreement between the States concerned. In order to promote international co-operation in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, States Parties to the Treaty conducting activities in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, agree to inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations as well as the public and the international scientific community, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable, of the nature, conduct, locations and results of such activities. On receiving the said information, the Secretary-General of the United Nations should be prepared to disseminate it immediately and effectively. All stations, installations, equipment and space vehicles on the Moon and other celestial bodies shall be open to representatives of other States Parties to the Treaty on a basis of reciprocity. Such representatives shall give reasonable advance notice of a projected visit, in order that appropriate consultations may be held and that maximum precautions may be taken to assure safety and to avoid interference with normal operations in the facility to be visited. The provisions of this Treaty shall apply to the activities of States Parties to the Treaty in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are carried on by a single State Party to the Treaty or jointly with other States, including cases where they are carried on within the framework of international intergovernmental organizations. Any practical questions arising in connection with activities carried on by international inter-governmental organizations in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be resolved by the States Parties to the Treaty either with the appropriate international organization or with one or more States members of that international organization, which are Parties to this Treaty. 1. This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign this Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments. 3. This Treaty shall enter into force upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by five Governments including the Governments designated as Depositary Governments under this Treaty. 4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. 5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this Treaty, the date of its entry into force and other notices. 6. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. Any State Party to the Treaty may propose amendments to this Treaty. Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Treaty accepting the amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Treaty and thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Treaty on the date of acceptance by it. Any State Party to the Treaty may give notice of its withdrawal from the Treaty one year after its entry into force by written notification to the Depositary Governments. Such withdrawal shall take effect one year from the date of receipt of this notification. This Treaty, of which the English, Russian, French, Spanish and Chinese texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty. DONE in triplicate, at the cities of London, Moscow and Washington. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe, ki so jih navdihnile velike možnosti, odpirajoče se človeštvu zaradi človekovega vstopa v vesolje, ob priznavanju skupnega interesa vsega človeštva za napredek pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja v miroljubne namene, so se v prepričanju, da je treba raziskovati in uporabljati vesolje v korist vseh narodov ne glede na stopnjo njihovega gospodarskega ali znanstvenega razvoja, v želji prispevati k širokemu mednarodnemu sodelovanju pri znanstvenih in tudi pravnih vidikih raziskovanja in rabe vesolja v miroljubne namene, v prepričanju, da bo tako sodelovanje prispevalo k razvoju vzajemnega razumevanja in krepitvi prijateljskih odnosov med državami in narodi, ob sklicevanju na resolucijo iz leta 1962 (XVIII) z naslovom »Deklaracija o pravnih načelih za urejanje dejavnosti držav pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja«, ki jo je soglasno sprejela Generalna skupščina Organizacije združenih narodov 13. decembra 1963, ob sklicevanju na Resolucijo 1884 (XVIII), ki države poziva, naj se vzdržijo nameščanja kakršnih koli objektov z jedrskim orožjem ali kakršnih koli drugih vrst orožja za množično uničevanje v orbito okrog Zemlje ali nameščanja takih orožij na nebesna telesa, ki jo je soglasno sprejela Generalna skupščina Organizacije združenih narodov 17. oktobra 1963, ob upoštevanju Resolucije 110 (II) Generalne skupščine Organizacije združenih narodov z dne 3. novembra 1947, ki je obsodila propagando, namenjeno izzivanju ali spodbujanju kakršne koli grožnje miru ali kršitvi miru ali sovražnih dejanj, ali ki bi jih lahko izzvala, v prepričanju, da navedena resolucija velja za vesolje, v prepričanju, da se bodo s pogodbo o načelih za urejanje dejavnosti držav pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, uresničevali nameni in načela Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov, dogovorile o naslednjem: Raziskovanje in uporaba vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, se izvajata v korist in v interesu vseh držav ne glede na stopnjo njihovega gospodarskega ali znanstvenega razvoja in sta v domeni vsega človeštva. Vesolje, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, je prosto za raziskovanje in uporabo za vse države brez kakršne koli diskriminacije, na temelju enakopravnosti in v skladu z mednarodnim pravom, in do vseh področij nebesnih teles je prost dostop. Znanstveno raziskovanje vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, je svobodno in države bodo omogočale in spodbujale mednarodno sodelovanje v teh raziskavah. Države si vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, ne morejo prisvojiti z zahtevo po suverenosti, uporabo ali zasedbo ali kakor koli drugače. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe izvajajo dejavnosti raziskovanja in uporabe vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, v skladu z mednarodnim pravom, vključno z Ustanovno listino Združenih narodov, zaradi ohranjanja mednarodnega miru in varnosti ter spodbujanja mednarodnega sodelovanja in razumevanja. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe se obvezujejo, da v orbito okrog Zemlje ne bodo nameščale objektov z jedrskim orožjem ali kakršnih koli drugih vrst orožja za množično uničevanje ali kakor koli drugače nameščale takih orožij na nebesna telesa ali v vesolje. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe Luno in druga nebesna telesa uporabljajo izključno za miroljubne namene. Postavljanje vojaških oporišč, postrojev ali utrdb, preizkušanje kakršnih koli vrst orožja in izvajaje vojaških manevrov na nebesnih telesih je prepovedano. Uporaba vojaškega osebja za znanstvene raziskave ali kakršne koli druge miroljubne namene ni prepovedana. Uporaba kakršne koli opreme ali naprave, potrebne za miroljubno raziskavo Lune in drugih nebesnih teles, tudi ni prepovedana. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe obravnavajo astronavte kot poslance človeštva v vesolju in jim nudijo vso možno pomoč v primeru nesreče, nevarnosti ali nujnega pristanka na ozemlju druge države pogodbenice ali na odprtem morju. Če astronavti tako pristanejo, jih varno in nemudoma vrnejo v državo, v kateri je registrirano njihovo vesoljsko plovilo. Pri izvajanju dejavnosti v vesolju in na nebesnih telesih astronavti ene države pogodbenice nudijo vso možno pomoč astronavtom druge države pogodbenice. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe nemudoma obvestijo druge države pogodbenice te pogodbe ali generalnega sekretarja Organizacije združenih narodov o kakršnem koli pojavu, ki ga odkrijejo v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, ki bi lahko pomenil nevarnost za življenje ali zdravje astronavtov. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe so mednarodno odgovorne za nacionalne dejavnosti v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, ne glede na to, ali dejavnosti izvajajo vladne agencije ali nevladni subjekti, in za zagotavljanje, da se nacionalne dejavnosti izvajajo v skladu z določbami, določenimi v tej pogodbi. Za dejavnosti nevladnih subjektov v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, so potrebna dovoljenja in stalni nadzor ustrezne države pogodbenice te pogodbe. Če dejavnosti v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, izvaja mednarodna organizacija, so za skladnost s to pogodbo odgovorne mednarodna organizacija in države pogodbenice te pogodbe, ki v tej organizaciji sodelujejo. Vsaka država pogodbenica te pogodbe, ki izstreli objekt ali naroči izstrelitev objekta v vesolje, vključno na Luno in druga nebesna telesa, in vsaka država pogodbenica te pogodbe, s katere ozemlja ali naprave je objekt izstreljen, je mednarodno odgovorna za škodo drugi državi pogodbenici te pogodbe ali njenim fizičnim ali pravnim osebam, ki jo povzroči tak objekt ali njegovi sestavni deli na Zemlji, v zraku ali vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih. Država pogodbenica te pogodbe, v registru katere je objekt, izstreljen v vesolje, ohrani jurisdikcijo in nadzor nad tem objektom in nad vsem osebjem v njem, medtem ko je v vesolju ali na nebesnem telesu. Na lastništvo objektov, izstreljenih v vesolje, vključno z objekti, ki so pristali na nebesnih telesih ali so bili na njih zgrajeni, in njihovimi sestavnimi deli, ne vpliva njihova prisotnost v vesolju ali njihova vrnitev na Zemljo. Ti objekti ali njihovi sestavni deli, najdeni zunaj meja države pogodbenice te pogodbe, v katere registru so, so vrnjeni tej državi pogodbenici, ki na zahtevo predloži identifikacijske podatke pred njihovo vrnitvijo. Pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, države pogodbenice te pogodbe ravnajo v skladu z načeli sodelovanja in vzajemne pomoči ter svoje dejavnosti v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, izvajajo ob spoštovanju interesov vseh drugih držav pogodbenic te pogodbe na tem področju. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe proučujejo vesolje, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, in ga raziskujejo tako, da se izogibajo njihovi škodljivi kontaminaciji in tudi negativnim spremembam v Zemljinem okolju zaradi vnosa zunajzemeljske snovi, ter, kjer je to potrebno, sprejmejo ustrezne ukrepe v ta namen. Če država pogodbenica te pogodbe upravičeno domneva, da bi dejavnost ali poizkus, ki ga načrtuje sama ali njeni državljani, v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, povzročil morebitno škodljivo motenje dejavnosti drugih držav pogodbenic pri miroljubnem raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, pred nadaljevanjem kakršne koli take dejavnosti ali poizkusa opravi ustrezno mednarodno posvetovanje. Država pogodbenica te pogodbe, ki upravičeno domneva, da bi dejavnost ali poizkus, ki ga načrtuje druga država pogodbenica v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, morebiti škodljivo motil dejavnosti drugih držav pogodbenic pri miroljubnem raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, lahko zahteva posvetovanje v zvezi s to dejavnostjo ali poizkusom. Države pogodbenice te pogodbe zaradi spodbujanja mednarodnega sodelovanja pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, skladno z namenom te pogodbe enakopravno obravnavajo vse prošnje drugih držav pogodbenic te pogodbe za omogočanje opazovanja poletov vesoljskih objektov, ki jih te države izstrelijo. Način te možnosti za opazovanje in pogoji, pod katerimi bi bila lahko na voljo, se določijo s sporazumom med zadevnimi državami. Zaradi spodbujanja mednarodnega sodelovanja pri miroljubnem raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja se države pogodbenice te pogodbe, ki izvajajo dejavnosti v vesolju, vključno na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih, strinjajo, da generalnega sekretarja Organizacije združenih narodov ter tudi javnost in mednarodno znanstveno skupnost, kolikor je najbolj mogoče in izvedljivo, obveščajo o značilnostih, izvajanju, lokacijah in ugotovitvah teh dejavnosti. Generalni sekretar Organizacije združenih narodov navedene informacije ob prejemu takoj in ustrezno razširi. Vse postaje, postroji, oprema in vesoljska plovila na Luni in drugih nebesnih telesih so na podlagi vzajemnosti na voljo predstavnikom drugih držav pogodbenic te pogodbe. Ti predstavniki jih pravočasno vnaprej obvestijo o načrtovanem obisku, da se lahko opravijo ustrezna posvetovanja in sprejmejo vsi možni previdnosti ukrepi za zagotovitev varnosti in izognitev motenju običajnih dejavnosti v obiskanem prostoru. Določbe te pogodbe veljajo za dejavnosti držav pogodbenic te pogodbe pri raziskovanju vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, ne glede na to, ali te dejavnosti izvaja ena država pogodbenica te pogodbe sama ali jih izvaja skupaj z drugimi državami, tudi ko se dejavnosti izvajajo v okviru mednarodnih medvladnih organizacij. Vsa praktična vprašanja v zvezi z dejavnostmi, ki jih izvajajo mednarodne medvladne organizacije pri raziskovanju vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi, rešujejo države pogodbenice te pogodbe z ustrezno mednarodno organizacijo ali eno ali več državami članicami te mednarodne organizacije, ki so pogodbenice te pogodbe. 1. Ta pogodba je na voljo za podpis vsem državam. Država, ki te pogodbe ne podpiše pred začetkom njene veljavnosti v skladu s tretjim odstavkom tega člena, lahko k njej pristopi kadar koli. 2. To pogodbo države podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji ali pristopu se deponirajo pri vladah Združenega kraljestva Velika Britanija in Severna Irska, Zveze sovjetskih socialističnih republik in Združenih držav Amerike, ki so s tem določene za vlade depozitarke. 3. Pogodba začne veljati, ko listine o ratifikaciji deponira pet vlad, vključno z vladami, določenimi za vlade depozitarke v skladu s to pogodbo. 4. Za države, katerih listine o ratifikaciji ali pristopu so deponirane po začetku veljavnosti te pogodbe, začne pogodba veljati na dan deponiranja njihovih listin o ratifikaciji ali pristopu. 5. Vlade depozitarke takoj obvestijo vse države podpisnice in pristopnice o datumu vsakega podpisa, deponiranja vsake listine o ratifikaciji in pristopu k tej pogodbi, o dnevu začetka njene veljavnosti in drugih obvestilih. 6. Vlade depozitarke registrirajo to pogodbo v skladu s 102. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov. Država pogodbenica te pogodbe lahko predlaga spremembe te pogodbe. Za vsako državo pogodbenico, ki sprejme spremembe, te začnejo veljati, ko jih sprejme večina držav pogodbenic te pogodbe, in zatem za vsako preostalo državo pogodbenico te pogodbe na dan, ko jih sprejme. Država pogodbenica te pogodbe lahko sporoči svoj odstop od pogodbe eno leto po začetku njene veljavnosti z uradnim pisnim obvestilom vladi depozitarki. Odpoved začne veljati eno leto po dnevu prejema uradnega obvestila. Ta pogodba, katere besedila v angleškem, ruskem, francoskem, španskem in kitajskem jeziku so enako verodostojna, se hrani v arhivih vlad depozitark. Pravilno overjene kopije te pogodbe vlade depozitarke pošljejo vladam držav podpisnic in držav, ki so pristopile. V POTRDITEV NAVEDENEGA so podpisani, ki so bili za to pravilno pooblaščeni, podpisali to pogodbo. Podpisano v treh izvodih v Londonu, Moskvi in Washingtonu sedemindvajsetega januarja tisoč devetsto sedeminšestdeset.

Zakon o ratifikaciji Pogodbe o načelih, ki urejajo dejavnosti držav pri raziskovanju in uporabi vesolja, vključno z Luno in drugimi nebesnimi telesi (MPRUV)

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