2. člen MKPH

Besedilo konvencije se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku ter prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: THE PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, Having reviewed the Food Aid Convention, 1995 and its objective of securing at least 10 million tonnes of food aid annually in the form of grain suitable for human consumption, and wishing to confirm their desire to maintain international co-operation on food aid matters among member governments; Recalling the Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action adopted in Rome in 1996, in particular the commitment to achieve food security for all and to an ongoing effort to eradicate hunger; Desiring to enhance the capacity of the international community to respond to food emergency situations and to improve world food security, through the assurance of supplies of food aid irrespective of world food price and supply fluctuations; Recalling that, in their 1994 Marrakesh decision on measures concerning least-developed countries and net food-importing developing countries, Ministers of WTO member countries agreed to review the level of food aid established under the Food Aid Convention as further elaborated at the 1996 Singapore Ministerial Conference; Recognising that the recipients and members have their own policies on food aid and related matters, and that the ultimate objective of food aid is the elimination of the need for food aid itself; Desiring to improve the effectiveness and quality of food aid as a tool in support of food security in developing countries, particularly to alleviate poverty and hunger of the most vulnerable groups, and to improve member co-ordination and co-operation in the field of food aid; HAVE AGREED on the following: The objectives of this Convention are to contribute to world food security and to improve the ability of the international community to respond to emergency food situations and other food needs of developing countries by: (a) making appropriate levels of food aid available on a predictable basis, as determined by the provisions of this Convention; (b) encouraging members to ensure that the food aid provided is aimed particularly at the alleviation of poverty and hunger of the most vulnerable groups, and is consistent with agricultural development in those countries; (c) including principles for maximising the impact, the effectiveness and quality of the food aid provided as a tool in support of food security; and, (d) providing a framework for co-operation, co-ordination and information-sharing among members on food aid related matters to achieve greater efficiency in all aspects of food aid operations and better coherence between food aid and other policy instruments. (a) Under this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to: (i) "c.i.f." means cost, insurance and freight; (ii) "Commitment" means the minimum amount of food aid to be provided annually by a member under Article III(e); (iii) "Committee" means the Food Aid Committee referred to in Article XV; (iv) "Contribution" means the amount of food aid provided and reported to the Committee by a member annually in accordance with the provisions of this Convention; (v) "Convention" means the Food Aid Convention, 1999; (vi) "DAC" means the Development Assistance Committee of OECD; (vii) "Developing country" means any country or territory eligible to receive food aid under Article VII; (viii) "Eligible product" means a product, referred to in Article IV, which may be provided as food aid by a member as its contribution under this Convention; (ix) "Executive Director" means the Executive Director of the International Grains Council; (x) "f.o.b." means free on board; (xi) "Food" or "food aid" includes, as appropriate, a reference to seed for food crops; (xii) "Member" means a party to this Convention; (xiii) "Micronutrients" means vitamins and minerals used to fortify or complement food aid products which are eligible, under Article IV(c), to be counted as a member's contribution; (xiv) "OECD" means the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; (xv) "Products of primary processing" include: · cereal flours; · cereal groats and cereal meal; · other worked cereal grains (eg, rolled, flaked, polished, pearled and kibbled, but not further prepared) except husked, glazed, polished or broken rice; · germ of cereals, whole, rolled, flaked or ground; · bulgur; and · any other similar grain product which the Committee may decide; (xvi) "Products of secondary processing" include: · macaroni, spaghetti and similar products; and · any other product, whose manufacture involves the use of a product of primary processing, which the Committee may decide; (xvii) "Rice" includes husked, glazed, polished or broken rice; (xviii) "Secretariat" means the Secretariat of the International Grains Council; (xix) "Tonne" means a metric ton of 1,000 kilograms; (xx) "Transport and other operational costs", as listed in Annex A, mean costs beyond the f.o.b. stage or, in the case of local purchases, beyond the point of purchase, associated with a food aid operation, which may be counted in whole or in part towards a member's contribution; (xxi) "Value" means the commitment of a member in a convertible currency; (xxii) "Wheat equivalent" means the amount of a member's commitment or contribution as evaluated in accordance with Article V; (xxiii) "WTO" means the World Trade Organization; (xxiv) "Year" means the period from 1 July to the following 30 June, unless otherwise stated. (b) Any reference in this Convention to a "Government" or "Governments" or "member" shall be construed as including a reference to the European Community (hereinafter referred to as the EC). Accordingly, any reference in this Convention to "signature" or to the "deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval" or "an instrument of accession" or "a declaration of provisional application" by a Government shall, in the case of the EC, be construed as including signature or declaration of provisional application on behalf of the EC by its competent authority and the deposit of the instrument required by the institutional procedures of the EC to be deposited for the conclusion of an international agreement. (c) Any reference in this Convention to a "Government", or "Governments", or "member", shall be understood, where appropriate, to include a reference to any separate customs territory within the meaning of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or of the Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization. (a) Members agree to provide food aid to developing countries or the cash equivalent thereof in the minimum annual amounts specified in paragraph (e) below (hereinafter referred to as "the commitment"). (b) The commitment of each member shall be expressed in either tonnes of wheat equivalent or in value or in a combination of tonnage and value. Members expressing their commitment in value terms shall also specify a guaranteed annual tonnage. (c) In the case of members expressing their commitment in value terms or in a combination of tonnage and value, the value may include the transport and other operational costs associated with the food aid operations. (d) Whether its commitment is expressed in tonnage, in value, or in a combination of tonnage and value, a member may also include an indicative value representing its total estimated cost, including the transport and other operational costs associated with the food aid operations. (e) Subject to the provisions of Article VI, the commitment of each member shall be: text="-----------------------------------------------------------   Member Tonnage(1) Value(1) Total (wheat (millions) indicative equivalent) value (millions) ----------------------------------------------------------- Argentina 35,000 - Australia 250,000 - A$ 90(2) Canada 420,000 - C$ 150(2) European Community 1,320,000 Euro 130(2) Euro 422(2) and its member States Japan 300,000 - Norway 30,000 - NOK 59(2) Switzerland 40,000 - United States of 2,500,000 - US$ 900– America 1,000(2) -----------------------------------------------------------"

(1)Members shall report their food aid operations in line with the relevant Rules of Procedure.

(2)Includes transport and other operational costs. (f) Transport and other operational costs, when counted towards a member's commitment, must be incurred as part of a food aid operation which is also eligible to be counted towards a member's commitment. (g) In respect of transport and other operational costs, a member cannot count more than the acquisition cost of eligible products towards its commitment, except in the case of internationally recognised emergency situations. (h) Any member which has acceded to this Convention under paragraph (b) of Article XXIII shall be deemed to be listed in paragraph (e) of this Article, together with its commitment. (i) The commitment of an acceding member referred to in paragraph (h) of this Article shall not be less than 20,000 tonnes or an appropriate value as the Committee may approve. This will normally apply in full starting in the first year during which the country is deemed by the Committee to have acceded to the Convention. However, to facilitate the accession of Governments other than those referred to in paragraph (e) of this Article, the Committee may agree that an acceding member's commitment should be phased in over a period of not more than three years, provided that the commitment is at least 10,000 tonnes or an appropriate value in the first year, and increases by at least 5,000 tonnes a year or an appropriate value in each succeeding year. (j) All products provided as food aid shall meet international quality standards, be consistent with the dietary habits and nutritional needs of recipients and, with the exception of seeds, shall be suitable for human consumption. (a) The following products are eligible to be supplied under this Convention, subject to the specifications set out in the relevant Rules of Procedure: (i) grains (wheat, barley, maize, millet, oats, rye, sorghum or triticale) or rice; (ii) grain and rice products of primary or secondary processing; (iii) pulses; (iv) edible oil; (v) root crops (cassava, round potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams or taro), where these are supplied in triangular transactions or in local purchases; (vi) skimmed milk powder; (vii) sugar; (viii) seed for eligible products; and, (ix) within the limits of paragraph (b) below, products which are a component of the traditional diet of vulnerable groups, or a component of supplementary feeding programmes, and which meet the requirements set out in Article III(j) of this Convention. (b) The amount of food aid provided by a member in any year in fulfilling its commitment in the form of: (i) all products included in paragraph (a)(vi) to (viii) of this Article shall not together exceed 15%, and no product category may individually exceed 7%, of its commitment excluding transport and other operational costs; (ii) all products included in paragraph (a)(ix) of this Article shall not together exceed 5%, and no product may individually exceed 3%, of its commitment excluding transport and other operational costs; (iii) in the case of commitments expressed as a combination of tonnage and value, the percentages in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) above shall be calculated separately for tonnage and value, excluding transport and other operational costs. (c) For the purposes of fulfilment of their commitments, members may provide micro-nutrients in conjunction with eligible products. They are encouraged to provide, when appropriate, fortified food aid products, particularly in emergency situations and targeted development projects. (a) Contributions shall be counted in terms of their wheat equivalent, as follows: (i) grain for human consumption shall be equal to wheat; (ii) rice shall be determined by the international export price relationship between rice and wheat, in accordance with the methods set out in the Rules of Procedure; (iii) products of primary or secondary processing of grains or of rice shall be determined by their respective grain or rice content, in accordance with the specifications set out in the Rules of Procedure; (iv) pulses, seed of grain, rice or other food crops, and all other eligible products, shall be based on the costs of acquisition in accordance with the methods set out in the Rules of Procedure. (b) In the case of contributions in the form of blends or mixtures of products, only the proportion of the blend or mixture which is made from eligible products shall be counted towards a member's contribution. (c) The Committee shall establish a Rule of Procedure to determine the wheat equivalent of fortified products and micro-nutrients. (d) Contributions of cash for the purchase of eligible products supplied as food aid shall be evaluated either in accordance with the wheat equivalent of these products, or at prevailing international market prices of wheat, in accordance with the methods laid down in the Rules of Procedure. (a) Each member shall ensure that operations in respect of its commitment for one year are made to the maximum extent possible within that year. (b) If a member is unable to provide the amount specified in paragraph (e) of Article III in a particular year, it shall report the circumstances to the Committee as soon as possible and, in any case, no later than the first session held after the end of that year. Unless the Committee decides otherwise, the unfulfilled amount shall be added to the member's commitment for the following year. (c) If a member's contribution exceeds its commitment for any year, up to 5% of its overall commitment, or the amount of the excess, whichever is the smaller, may be counted as part of the member's commitment for the following year. (a) Food aid under this Convention may be provided to the developing countries and territories which are listed in Annex B, namely: (i) least-developed countries; (ii) low-income countries; (iii) lower middle-income countries, and other countries included in the WTO list of Net Food-Importing Developing Countries at the time of negotiation of this Convention, when experiencing food emergencies or internationally recognised financial crises leading to food shortage emergencies, or when food aid operations are targeted on vulnerable groups. (b) For purposes of paragraph (a) above, any changes made to the DAC list of Developing Countries and Territories in Annex B (a) to (c) shall also apply to the list of eligible recipients under this Convention. (c) When allocating their food aid, members shall give priority to least-developed countries and low-income countries. (a) Food aid should only be provided when it is the most effective and appropriate means of assistance. (b) Food aid should be based on an evaluation of needs by the recipient and the members, within their own respective policies, and should be aimed at enhancing food security in recipient countries. In responding to those needs, members shall pay attention to meeting the particular nutritional needs of women and children. (c) Food aid for free distribution should be targeted on vulnerable groups. (d) The provision of food aid in emergency situations should take particular account of longer-term rehabilitation and development objectives in the recipient countries and should respect basic humanitarian principles. Members shall aim to ensure that the food aid provided reaches the intended recipients in a timely manner. (e) To the maximum extent possible, non-emergency food aid shall be provided by members on a forward planning basis, so that recipient countries may be able to take account, in their development programmes, of the likely flow of food aid they will receive during each year of this Convention. (f) If it appears that, because of a substantial production shortfall or other circumstances, a particular country, region or regions is faced with exceptional food needs, the matter shall be considered by the Committee. The Committee may recommend that members should respond to the situation by increasing the amount of food aid provided. (g) At the time of the identification of food aid needs, members or their partners shall endeavour to consult with each other at the regional and recipient country level, with a view to developing a common approach to needs analysis. (h) Members agree, where appropriate, to identify priority countries and regions under their food aid programmes. Members will ensure transparency as to their priorities, policies and programmes, by providing information for other donors. (i) Members will consult with each other, directly or through their relevant partners, on the possibilities for the establishment of common action plans for priority countries, if possible on a multi-annual basis. (a) Food aid under this Convention may be supplied as: (i) grants of food or of cash to be used to purchase food for or by the recipient country; (ii) sales of food for the currency of the recipient country, which is not transferable and is not convertible into currency or goods and services for use by the donor members; (iii) sales of food on credit, with payment to be made in reasonable annual amounts over periods of 20 years or more and with interest at rates which are below commercial rates prevailing in world markets. (b) With respect only to food aid counted against a member's commitment, all food aid provided to least-developed countries shall be made in the form of grants. (c) Food aid under this Convention provided in the form of grants shall represent not less than 80 percent of a member's contribution and, to the extent possible, members will seek progressively to exceed this percentage. (d) Members shall undertake to conduct all food aid transactions under this Convention in such a way as to avoid harmful interference with normal patterns of production and international commercial trade. (e) Members shall ensure that: (i) the provision of food aid is not tied directly or indirectly, formally or informally, explicitly or implicitly, to commercial exports of agricultural products or other goods and services to recipient countries; (ii) food aid transactions, including bilateral food aid which is monetised, are carried out in a manner consistent with the FAO "Principles of Surplus Disposal and Consultative Obligations". (a) The costs of transporting and delivering food aid beyond the f.o.b. stage shall, to the extent possible, be borne by the donors, particularly in the case of emergency food aid or food aid provided to priority recipient countries. (b) In planning food aid operations, due account shall be taken of potential difficulties which may affect transport, processing or storage of food aid, and the effects that the delivery of the aid may have on marketing of local harvests in the recipient country. (c) In order to make optimum use of available logistical capacity, members shall establish, as far as possible, with other food aid donors, recipient countries, and any other parties involved in the delivery of the food aid, a coordinated timetable for the delivery of their aid. (d) Due reference to the payment of transport and other operational costs shall be made in any review of the performance of members under this Convention. (e) Transport and other operational costs must be incurred as part of a food aid operation which is also eligible to be reported as part of a member's contribution. (a) Members may provide their food aid bilaterally, through intergovernmental or other international organisations, or non-governmental organisations. (b) Members shall give full consideration to the advantages of directing food aid through multilateral channels, in particular the World Food Programme. (c) In developing and implementing their food aid operations, members shall make use, whenever possible, of information and competencies available within the relevant international organisations, whether intergovernmental or non-governmental, active in the field of food aid. (d) Members are encouraged to coordinate their food aid policies and activities in relation to international organisations active in the field of food aid, with a view to strengthening the coherence of food aid operations. (a) In order to promote local agricultural development, strengthen regional and local markets and enhance the longer-term food security of recipient countries, members shall give consideration to using or directing their cash contributions for the purchase of food: (i) for supply to the recipient country from other developing countries ("triangular transactions"); or, (ii) in one part of a developing country for supply to a deficit area in that country ("local purchases"). (b) Cash contributions shall not normally be made to purchase food which is of the same type that the country which is the source of supply has received as bilateral or multilateral food aid in the same year as the purchase, or in a previous year if the food aid then received is still being used. (c) To facilitate the purchase of food from developing countries, members shall, to the extent possible, provide to the Secretariat such information as is available to them on food surpluses that may exist, or are anticipated, in developing countries. (d) Members shall pay particular attention to avoiding harmful effects on low-income consumers due to price changes resulting from local purchases. (a) In all food aid transactions, members shall pay particular attention to: (i) avoiding harmful effects on local harvests, production and marketing structures, by appropriately timing the distribution of food aid; (ii) respecting local food habits and nutritional needs of the beneficiaries and minimising any possible negative effects on their eating habits; and (iii) facilitating the participation of women in the decision-making process and in the implementation of food aid operations, thus strengthening food security at the household level. (b) Members shall endeavour to support the efforts of governments in recipient countries to develop and implement food aid programmes in a manner consistent with this Convention. (c) Members should support and, where appropriate, contribute to strengthening the capacity and competence of recipient governments and the respective civil societies to develop and implement food security strategies to enhance the impact of food aid programmes. (d) When food aid is sold within a recipient country, the sale shall be carried out, as far as possible, through the private sector and be based on market analysis. In targeting proceeds from such sales, priority shall be given to projects aiming to improve the food security of beneficiaries. (e) Consideration should be given to reinforcing food aid by other means (financial aid, technical assistance etc) in order to strengthen its capacity to enhance food security and to increase the capacity of governments and civil society to develop food security strategies at all levels. (f) Members shall endeavour to ensure coherence between food aid policies and policies in other sectors such as development, agriculture and trade. (g) Members agree to consult to the extent possible with all partners concerned at the level of each recipient country to ensure monitoring of the co-ordination of food aid programmes and operations. (h) Members shall endeavour to carry out joint evaluations of their food aid programmes and operations. Such evaluation should be based on agreed international principles. (i) When carrying out evaluations of their food aid programmes and operations, members shall take into consideration the provisions of this Convention relating to the effectiveness and impact of those food aid programmes and operations. (j) Members are encouraged to assess the impact of their food aid programmes, channelled bilaterally or multilaterally or through non-governmental organisations, using appropriate indicators such as the nutritional status of the beneficiaries and other indicators related to world food security. (a) Members shall provide regular and timely reports to the Committee on the amount, content, channelling, costs including transport and other operational costs, forms and terms of their contributions in accordance with the Rules of Procedure. (b) Members undertake to supply such statistical and other information that may be required for the operation of this Convention, in particular regarding their: (i) aid deliveries, including the purchase of products made as the result of cash contributions, local purchases or triangular operations, and those channelled through international organisations; (iii) arrangements entered into for the future supply of food aid; (iii) policies affecting the provision and distribution of food aid. To the extent possible, these reports shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Director before each regular session of the Committee. (c) Members who make contributions in the form of multilateral cash contributions to international organisations shall report the fulfilment of their obligations in accordance with the Rules of Procedure. (d) Members shall exchange information on their food aid policies and programmes and the results of their evaluations of these policies and programmes, and shall endeavour to ensure the coherence of their food aid programmes with food security strategies at national, regional, local and household levels. (e) Members shall indicate to the Committee, in advance, the amount of their commitment which is not made in the form of grants and the terms of any such aid. (a) The Food Aid Committee, established by the Food Aid Convention of the International Grains Arrangement, 1967, shall continue in being for the purpose of administering this Convention, with the powers and functions provided in this Convention. (b) The membership of the Committee shall consist of all parties to this Convention. (c) Each member shall designate a representative resident at the seat of the Committee to whom the Secretariat's notices and other communications related to the work of the Committee shall normally be addressed. Other arrangements may be adopted by any member in agreement with the Executive Director. (a) The Committee shall take such decisions and perform such functions as are required to carry out the provisions of this Convention. It shall establish such Rules of Procedure as are necessary for this purpose. (b) The decisions of the Committee shall be reached by consensus. (c) The Committee shall keep the requirements for food aid in developing countries and the ability of members to respond to those requirements under review. (d) The Committee shall keep under review the progress made in attaining the objectives set out in Article I of this Convention, and the fulfilment of the provisions of this Convention. (e) The Committee may receive information from recipient countries and consult with them. (a) At the last statutory session held in each year, the Committee shall appoint a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman for the following year. (b) The duties of the Chairman shall be: (i) to approve the draft agenda for each session; (ii) to preside at sessions; (iii) to declare the opening and closing of each meeting and of each session; (iv) to submit the draft agenda to the Committee for adoption at the beginning of each session; (v) to direct the discussions and to ensure observance of the Rules of Procedure; (vi) to accord the right to speak and to decide all questions of order in accordance with the relevant Rules of Procedure; (vii) to put questions and announce decisions; and, (viii) to rule on points of order that delegates may raise. (c) If the Chairman is absent from a session or any part thereof, or is temporarily unable to fill the office of Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall act as Chairman. In the absence of the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman, the Committee shall appoint a temporary Chairman. (d) If, for any reason, the Chairman is unable to continue to fill the office of Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall act as Chairman pending the appointment of a new Chairman by the Committee. (e) The Vice-Chairman, when acting as Chairman, or the temporary Chairman, shall have the same powers and duties as the Chairman. (a) The Committee shall meet at least twice a year in conjunction with the statutory sessions of the International Grains Council. The Committee shall meet also at such other times either as the Chairman shall decide, at the request of three members, or as otherwise required by this Convention. (b) The presence of delegates representing two thirds of the membership of the Committee shall be necessary to constitute a quorum at any session of the Committee. (c) The Committee may, when appropriate, invite any non-member government and representatives from other international intergovernmental organisations to attend its open meetings as observers. (d) The seat of the Committee shall be in London. (a) The Committee shall use the services of the Secretariat of the International Grains Council for the performance of such administrative duties as the Committee may request, including the processing and distribution of documentation and reports. (b) The Executive Director shall carry out the directions of the Committee and shall perform such duties as are laid down in the Convention and the Rules of Procedure. (a) In the case of a dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, or of a default in obligations under this Convention, the Committee shall meet and take appropriate action. (b) Members shall take account of the recommendations and conclusions reached by consensus by the Committee in cases of disagreement as to the application of the provisions of this Convention. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the depositary of this Convention. (a) This Convention shall be open for signature from 1 May 1999 until and including 30 June 1999 by the Governments referred to in paragraph (e) of Article III. (b) This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by each signatory Government in accordance with its constitutional procedures. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the depositary not later than 30 June 1999, except that the Committee may grant one or more extensions of time to any signatory Government that has not deposited its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval by that date. (c) Any signatory Government may deposit with the depositary a declaration of provisional application of this Convention. Any such Government shall provisionally apply this Convention in accordance with its laws and regulations and be provisionally regarded as a party thereto. (d) The depositary shall notify all signatory and acceding Governments of each signature, ratification, acceptance, approval, provisional application of, and accession to, this Convention. (a) This Convention shall be open for accession by any Government referred to in paragraph (e) of Article III that has not signed this Convention. Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the depositary not later than 30 June 1999, except that the Committee may grant one or more extensions of time to any Government that has not deposited its instrument of accession by that date. (b) Once this Convention has entered into force in accordance with Article XXIV, it shall be open for accession by any Government other than those referred to in paragraph (e) of Article III, upon such conditions as the Committee considers appropriate. Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the depositary. (c) Any Government acceding to this Convention under paragraph (a) of this Article, or whose accession has been agreed by the Committee under paragraph (b) of this Article, may deposit with the depositary a declaration of provisional application of this Convention pending the deposit of its instrument of accession. Any such Government shall provisionally apply this Convention in accordance with its laws and regulations and be provisionally regarded as a party thereto. (a) This Convention shall enter into force on 1 July 1999 if by 30 June 1999 the Governments, whose combined commitments, as listed in paragraph (e) of Article III, equal at least 75% of the total commitments of all governments listed in that paragraph, have deposited instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or declarations of provisional application, and provided that the Grains Trade Convention, 1995 is in force. (b) If this Convention does not enter into force in accordance with paragraph (a) of this Article, the Governments which have deposited instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or declarations of provisional application, may decide by unanimous consent that it shall enter into force among themselves provided that the Grains Trade Convention, 1995 is in force. (a) This Convention shall remain in force until and including 30 June 2002, unless extended under paragraph (b) of this Article or terminated earlier under paragraph (f) of this Article, provided that the Grains Trade Convention, 1995, or a new Grains Trade Convention replacing it, remains in force until and including that date. (b) The Committee may extend this Convention beyond 30 June 2002 for successive periods not exceeding two years on each occasion, provided that the Grains Trade Convention, 1995, or a new Grains Trade Convention replacing it, remains in force during the period of the extension. (c) If this Convention is extended under paragraph (b) of this Article, the commitments of members under paragraph (e) of Article III may be subject to review by members before the entry into force of each extension. Their respective commitments, as reviewed, shall remain unchanged for the duration of each extension. (d) The operation of this Convention shall be kept under review, in particular with reference to the results of any multilateral negotiations bearing on the provision of food aid, including especially on concessional credit terms, and the need to apply the results thereof. (e) The situation with respect to all food aid operations and, in particular, those under concessional credit terms, shall be reviewed before deciding on any extension of this Convention or any new convention. (f) In the event of this Convention being terminated, the Committee shall continue in being for such time as may be required to carry out its liquidation, and shall have such powers, and exercise such functions, as may be necessary for that purpose. (g) Any member may withdraw from this Convention at the end of any year by giving written notice of withdrawal to the depositary at least ninety days prior to the end of that year. That member shall not thereby be released from any obligations incurred under this Convention which have not been discharged by the end of that year. The member shall simultaneously inform the Committee of the action it has taken. (h) Any member which withdraws from this Convention may thereafter rejoin by giving written notice to the Committee and to the depositary. It shall be a condition of rejoining the Convention that the member shall be responsible for fulfilling its commitment with effect from the year in which it rejoins. This Convention shall replace the Food Aid Convention, 1995, as extended, and shall be one of the constituent instruments of the International Grains Agreement, 1995. The texts of this Convention in the English, French, Russian and Spanish languages shall all be equally authentic. DONE at London, 13 April Nineteen Ninety-Nine. The following transport and other operational costs associated with food aid contributions are included under Articles II(a)(vii), III, X and XIV of this Convention: (a) Transport costs freight, including loading and discharge demurrage and dispatch trans-shipment bagging insurance and superintendence port charges and storage fees in port temporary warehouse facilities and fees in port and on-route in-country transport, vehicle hire, tolls and escort, convoy and border fees equipment hire aircraft, airlifts (b) Other operational costs non-food items (NFIs) utilised by beneficiaries (tools, utensils, agricultural inputs) NFIs provided to implementing partners (vehicles, storage facilities) costs of counterpart training implementing partners' operational costs, not otherwise covered as transport costs milling and other special costs in-country NGO costs technical support services and logistics management project preparation, appraisal, monitoring and evaluation beneficiary registration in-country technical services Eligible food aid recipients under Article VII of this Convention refer to Developing Countries and Territories listed as aid recipients by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD, effective as of 1 January 1997, and to countries included in the WTO list of Net Food-Importing Developing Countries, effective as of 1 March 1999. (a) Least-Developed Countries Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo Dem Rep, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zambia. (b) Low-Income Countries Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, China, Congo Rep, Côte d'Ivoire, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Honduras, India, Kenya, Kyrgyz Rep, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. (c) Lower Middle-Income Countries Algeria, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Colombia, Costa Rice, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Grenada, Guatemala, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (Democratic Republic of), Lebanon, Macedonia (former Yugoslav Republic), Marshall Islands, Micronesia Federated States, Moldova, Morocco, Namibia, Niue, Palau Islands, Palestinian Administered Areas, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, St Vincent and Grenadines, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Thailand, Timor, Tokelau, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, and Yugoslavia Federal Republic. (d) WTO Net Food-Importing Developing Countries (not included above) Barbados, Mauritius, St Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago POGODBENICE KONVENCIJE SO SE ob pregledu Konvencije o pomoči v hrani, 1995, in njenega cilja zagotoviti letno najmanj 10 milijonov ton pomoči v hrani v obliki žita za prehrano ljudi ter v želji, da potrdijo potrebo po ohranitvi mednarodnega sodelovanja med vladami članicami pri pomoči v hrani; ob sklicevanju na Deklaracijo o zanesljivosti preskrbe s hrano po svetu in Akcijski načrt svetovnega vrha o hrani, sprejetih v Rimu 1996, zlasti zavezo za zagotavljanje preskrbe s hrano za vse ter nenehno prizadevanje za izkoreninjenje lakote; v želji, da okrepijo odzivno sposobnost mednarodne skupnosti ob izrednih prehranskih razmerah in izboljšajo zanesljivost preskrbe s hrano po svetu z zagotavljanjem pomoči v hrani ne glede na ceno hrane po svetu in nihanje ponudbe; ob upoštevanju, da so se ministri držav članic WTO z marakeškim sklepom, 1994, o ukrepih v zvezi z manj razvitimi državami in državami v razvoju neto uvoznicami hrane dogovorili, da bodo preverjali raven, določeno v Konvenciji o pomoči v hrani, kot je bila dopolnjena na ministrski konferenci v Singapurju, 1996; ob zavedanju, da imajo prejemnice in članice svojo politiko glede pomoči v hrani in z njo povezanimi zadevami ter da je končni cilj pomoči v hrani odprava potrebe po pomoči v hrani kot take; v želji, da izboljšajo učinkovitost in kakovost pomoči v hrani kot način za zagotavljanje zanesljive preskrbe s hrano v državah v razvoju, zlasti za ublažitev revščine in lakote najranljivejših skupin, in da izboljšajo usklajevanje in sodelovanje članic pri pomoči v hrani; DOGOVORILE: Cilj te konvencije je prispevati k zanesljivi preskrbi s hrano po svetu in izboljšati sposobnost odzivanja mednarodne skupnosti na izredne prehranske razmere in druge potrebe po hrani v državah v razvoju: (a) z ustrezno ravnjo pomoči v hrani, ki je predvidljiva, kakor je določeno v tej konvenciji, (b) s spodbujanjem članic, da zagotovijo, da se dana pomoč v hrani nameni zlasti za ublažitev revščine in lakote najranljivejših skupin ter da je skladna z razvitostjo kmetijstva v državah prejemnicah, (c) z vključevanjem načel za čim večji vpliv, učinkovitost in kakovost dane pomoči v hrani kot načina za zagotavljanje zanesljive preskrbe s hrano ter (d) z zagotavljanjem podlage za sodelovanje, usklajevanje in izmenjavo informacij med članicami o pomoči v hrani, da se izboljšata učinkovitost z vseh vidikov pomoči v hrani in usklajenost med pomočjo v hrani in drugimi sredstvi politike pomoči. (a) V konvenciji, razen če sobesedilo ne zahteva drugače, izrazi pomenijo: (i) »CIF« pomeni stroške zavarovanja in prevoznine, (ii) »zaveza« pomeni najmanjšo količino pomoči v hrani, ki jo članica zagotovi letno skladno z odstavkom e III. člena, (iii) »odbor« pomeni Odbor za pomoč v hrani iz XV. člena, (iv) »prispevek« pomeni količino pomoči v hrani, ki jo v skladu s konvencijo članica zagotovi letno in o tem obvesti odbor, (v) »konvencija« pomeni Konvencijo o pomoči v hrani, 1999, (vi) »DAC« pomeni Odbor za razvojno pomoč (Development Assistance Committee) pri OECD, (vii) »država v razvoju« pomeni državo ali ozemlje, upravičeno do pomoči v hrani v skladu s VII. členom, (viii) »ustrezen proizvod« pomeni proizvod iz IV. člena, ki bi ga članica kot svoj prispevek v skladu s konvencijo dala kot pomoč v hrani, (ix) »izvršni direktor« pomeni izvršnega direktorja Mednarodnega sveta za žito, (x) »FOB« pomeni franko ladja, (xi) »hrana« ali »pomoč v hrani«, kadar je ustrezno, vključuje semena poljščin za prehrano, (xii) »članica« pomeni pogodbenico te konvencije, (xiii) »mikrohranila« pomenijo vitamine in minerale, ki se uporabljajo za obogatitev ali dopolnitev proizvodov za pomoč v hrani, ki se skladno z odstavkom c IV. člena lahko štejejo kot prispevek članice, (xiv) »OECD« pomeni Organizacijo za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj, (xv) »proizvodi primarne predelave« vključujejo: · žitno moko, · žitne drobljence in žitni zdrob, · drugo obdelano žitno zrnje (npr. valjano, v kosmičih, brušeno, perlirano in drobljeno, ne pa tudi naprej obdelano) razen oluščenega, glaziranega, brušenega ali lomljenega riža, · žitne kalčke, cele, valjane, v kosmičih ali zmlete, · bulgur in · vse druge podobne zrnate proizvode, ki bi jih določil odbor, (xvi) »izdelki sekundarne predelave« vključujejo: · makarone, špagete in podobne izdelke in · vse druge izdelke, katerih izdelava vključuje uporabo proizvodov primarne predelave, ki bi jih določil odbor, (xvii) »riž« vključuje oluščeni, glazirani, brušeni ali lomljeni riž, (xviii) »sekretariat« je sekretariat Mednarodnega sveta za žito, (xix) »tona« pomeni metrično tono, ki je 1000 kilogramov, (xx) »stroški prevoza in drugi stroški poslovanja«, kot so navedeni v prilogi A, pomenijo stroške, nastale po pariteti FOB, pri nakupih na kraju samem, ter stroške, nastale po nakupu, povezanem z ukrepom pomoči v hrani, in se v celoti ali delno lahko štejejo kot prispevek članice, (xxi) »vrednost« pomeni zavezo članice, izraženo v zamenljivi valuti, (xxii) »protivrednost v pšenici« je znesek zaveze ali prispevka članice, ovrednoten skladno s V. členom, (xxiii) »WTO« pomeni Svetovno trgovinsko organizacijo, (xxiv) »leto« pomeni obdobje od 1. julija do vključno 30. junija, če ni drugače določeno. (b) Za vsako navedbo »vlade« ali »vlad« ali »članice« v tej konvenciji se šteje, da vključuje tudi Evropsko skupnost (v nadaljnjem besedilu: ES). To pomeni, da se v tej konvenciji v zvezi z ES za vsako navedbo »podpisa«, »deponiranja listin o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi« ali »listine o pristopu« ali »izjave o začasni uporabi« šteje, da vključuje podpis pristojnega organa ali njegovo izjavo o začasni uporabi v imenu ES in deponiranje listine, ki jo za sklenitev mednarodnega sporazuma predvidevajo institucionalni postopki ES. (c) Za vsako navedbo »vlade« ali »vlad« ali »članice« v konvenciji se šteje, kadar je ustrezno, da vključuje vsa ločena carinska območja v smislu Splošnega sporazuma o carinah in trgovini ali Sporazuma o ustanovitvi Svetovne trgovinske organizacije. (a) Članice soglašajo, da bodo državam v razvoju zagotovile pomoč v hrani ali enakovreden znesek v gotovini v najmanjšem letnem obsegu, določenem v odstavku e (v nadaljnjem besedilu: zaveza). (b) Zaveza vsake članice se izrazi v tonah pšenice, vrednosti ali kombinaciji obojega. Članice, ki svojo zavezo izrazijo v vrednosti, navedejo tudi zajamčeno letno količino. (c) Pri članicah, ki zavezo izrazijo v vrednosti ali kombinaciji količine in vrednosti, lahko vrednost vključuje stroške prevoza in druge stroške poslovanja, povezane z zagotavljanjem pomoči v hrani. (d) Če članica zavezo izrazi v količini, vrednosti ali kombinaciji obojega, lahko vključi tudi okvirno vrednost, ki pomeni skupni predvideni strošek, vključno s stroški prevoza in drugimi stroški poslovanja, povezanimi z zagotavljanjem pomoči v hrani. (e) Ob upoštevanju VI. člena so zaveze članic: text="-----------------------------------------------------------   Članica Količina(1) Vrednost

(1)Skupna (protivrednost (v milijonih) predvidena v pšenici) vrednost (v milijonih) ----------------------------------------------------------- Argentina 35 000 - Avstralija 250 000 - 90 A$(2) Evropska 1 320 000 130 €(2) 422 €(2) skupnost in njene države članice Japonska 300 000 - Kanada 420 000 - 150 C$(2) Norveška 30 000 - 59 NOK(2) Švica 40 000 - Združene 2 500 000 - 900–1000 države Amerike US$(2) -----------------------------------------------------------"

(1)O dejavnosti v zvezi s pomočjo v hrani članice poročajo skladno z ustreznim poslovnikom.

(2)Vključuje stroške prevoza in druge stroške poslovanja. (f) Stroški prevoza in drugi stroški poslovanja se smejo šteti kot del zaveze članice, le če nastanejo v okviru takih dejavnosti zagotavljanja pomoči v hrani, ki se tudi upravičeno štejejo kot del zaveze članice. (g) Kot stroške prevoza in druge stroške poslovanja sme članica šteti samo stroške nabave ustreznih proizvodov v zvezi z njeno zavezo, razen v mednarodno priznanih izrednih razmerah. (h) Za vsako članico, ki pristopi k tej konvenciji skladno z odstavkom b XXIII. člena, se šteje, da bo skupaj z zavezo navedena na seznamu v odstavku e. (i) Zaveza članice pristopnice iz odstavka h tega člena ne sme biti manjša od 20 000 ton ali nižja od ustrezne vrednosti, ki bi jo odbor odobril. To običajno velja v celoti že prvo leto, za katero odbor šteje, da je država pristopila h konvenciji. Zaradi lažjega pristopa vlad, ki niso navedene v odstavku e tega člena, odbor lahko dovoli, da se zaveza države pristopnice razdeli na obdobje največ treh let pod pogojem, da je njena zaveza v prvem letu najmanj 10 000 ton ali ustrezna vrednost in se povečuje za najmanj 5000 ton letno ali ustrezno vrednost v vsakem naslednjem letu. (j) Vsi proizvodi, ki se pošiljajo kot pomoč v hrani, morajo izpolnjevati mednarodne standarde kakovosti, morajo biti skladni s prehranjevalnimi navadami ter potrebami prejemnikov in morajo biti, razen semen, primerni za prehrano ljudi. (a) V skladu s to konvencijo in ob upoštevanju specifikacij, navedenih v ustreznem poslovniku, so za dobavo ustrezni: (i) žito (navadna pšenica, ječmen, koruza, proso, oves, rž, sirek ali tritikala) ali riž, (ii) izdelki iz žita in riža primarne ali sekundarne predelave, (iii) stročnice, (iv) jedilno olje, (v) korenovke in gomoljnice (kasava, okrogli krompir, sladki krompir, jam ali taro), kadar se dobavijo s tristransko transakcijo ali lokalnim nakupom, (vi) posneto mleko v prahu, (vii) sladkor, (viii) seme za ustrezne proizvode in (ix) ob upoštevanju omejitev iz odstavka b proizvodi, ki so del tradicionalne prehrane ranljivih skupin ali dopolnilnih prehranjevalnih programov in izpolnjujejo zahteve iz odstavka j III. člena konvencije. (b) Količina pomoči v hrani, ki jo pri izpolnjevanju svoje zaveze članica letno zagotovi v obliki: (i) vseh proizvodov iz točk vi do viii odstavka a tega člena, skupaj ne sme presegati 15%, nobena posamezna skupina proizvodov pa ne sme presegati 7% njene zaveze, pri čemer so izključeni stroški prevoza in drugi stroški poslovanja; (ii) vseh proizvodov iz točke ix odstavka a tega člena, skupaj ne sme presegati 5%, noben posamezen proizvod pa ne sme presegati 3% njene zaveze, pri čemer so izključeni stroški prevoza in drugi stroški poslovanja; (iii) če so zaveze izražene kot kombinacija količine in vrednosti, se odstotki iz točk i in ii izračunajo ločeno za količino in vrednost, pri čemer so izključeni stroški prevoza in drugi stroški poslovanja. (c) Članice lahko pri izpolnjevanju svojih zavez zagotovijo mikrohranila v povezavi s primernimi proizvodi. Zaželeno je, da kot pomoč pošljejo, kadar je ustrezno, obogateno hrano, zlasti v izrednih razmerah in za ciljne razvojne projekte. (a) Prispevki se izračunajo v protivrednosti navadne pšenice, kakor sledi: (i) žito za prehrano ljudi je enako navadni pšenici; (ii) riž se določi z razmerjem med mednarodno izvozno ceno riža in navadne pšenice skladno s postopki, določenimi v poslovniku; (iii) izdelki primarne ali sekundarne predelave žita ali riža se določijo z vsebnostjo žita ali riža v njih skladno s specifikacijami, določenimi v poslovniku; (iv) stročnice, semena žita, riža ali drugih poljščin in vseh drugih ustreznih proizvodov temeljijo na nabavnih stroških skladno s postopki, določenimi v poslovniku. (b) Pri prispevkih v obliki mešanic proizvodov se kot prispevek članice računa samo delež zmesi ali mešanice, ki je iz ustreznih proizvodov. (c) Odbor pripravi poslovnik za določitev protivrednosti obogatenih proizvodov in mikrohranil v pšenici. (d) Prispevki v gotovini za nakup ustreznih proizvodov za pomoč v hrani se vrednotijo v skladu s protivrednostjo navedenih proizvodov v navadni pšenici ali s prevladujočimi mednarodnimi tržnimi cenami navadne pšenice skladno s postopki, določenimi v poslovniku. (a) Vsaka članica poskrbi, da dejavnosti v zvezi s svojo letno zavezo v čim večji meri izpelje v tistem letu. (b) Če članica ni sposobna zagotoviti količine iz odstavka e III. člena v posameznem letu, o okoliščinah čim prej poroča odboru, vsekakor pa najpozneje na prvi seji po koncu ustreznega leta. Če odbor ne določi drugače, se neizpolnjena količina doda k zavezi članice za naslednje leto. (c) Če prispevek članice presega njeno zavezo za posamezno leto, se lahko do 5% celotne zaveze ali presežena količina, kar je manjše, šteje kot del zaveze članice za naslednje leto. (a) Pomoč v hrani v skladu s to konvencijo se lahko daje državam v razvoju in ozemljem s seznama v prilogi B, in sicer: (i) najmanj razvitim državam, (ii) državam z nizkimi dohodki, (iii) državam z nižjimi srednjimi dohodki in drugim državam, ki jih je WTO uvrstila na seznam držav v razvoju neto uvoznic hrane med pogajanji o tej konvenciji, v izrednih prehranskih razmerah ali mednarodno priznanih finančnih krizah, ki povzročijo izredno pomanjkanje hrane, ali kadar so cilj pomoči v hrani ranljive skupine. (b) Za namene odstavka a se kakršne koli spremembe seznama držav v razvoju in ozemelj iz odstavkov a do c v prilogi B uporabljajo tudi za seznam upravičenih prejemnikov po tej konvenciji. (c) Pri dodeljevanju pomoči v hrani članice dajo prednost najmanj razvitim državam in državam z nizkimi dohodki. (a) Pomoč v hrani se daje samo, kadar je to najučinkovitejše in najprimernejše sredstvo pomoči. (b) Pomoč v hrani mora temeljiti na oceni potreb, ki jo pripravijo prejemnica in članice v okviru svojih ustreznih politik, njen cilj pa mora biti izboljšanje preskrbe s hrano v državah prejemnicah. Pri odzivanju na te potrebe članice upoštevajo posebne prehranjevalne potrebe žensk in otrok. (c) Pomoč v hrani za neposredno razdeljevanje je treba nameniti ranljivim skupinam. (d) Ob zagotavljanju pomoči v hrani v izrednih razmerah je treba še zlasti upoštevati dolgoročno izboljšanje razmer in razvojne cilje v državah prejemnicah ter spoštovati temeljna humanitarna načela. Članice si prizadevajo zagotoviti, da dana pomoč v hrani pravočasno prispe do predvidenih prejemnikov. (e) Kadar ni izrednih razmer, članice v čim večji meri zagotavljajo pomoč v hrani na podlagi vnaprejšnjega načrta, tako da države prejemnice v svojih razvojnih programih lahko upoštevajo dotok pomoči v hrani, ki ga lahko pričakujejo vsako leto veljavnosti te konvencije. (f) Če so zaradi občutnega zmanjšanja proizvodnje ali drugih okoliščin v posamezni državi, regiji ali regijah izjemne potrebe po hrani, to obravnava odbor. Članicam lahko priporoči, naj se odzovejo na razmere s povečanjem količine pomoči v hrani. (g) Pri ugotavljanju potreb po pomoči v hrani se članice ali njihovi partnerji na regionalni ravni ali na ravni države prejemnice poskusijo dogovoriti o skupni oceni potreb. (h) Članice se strinjajo, da bodo v svojih programih pomoči v hrani, kadar je ustrezno, določile prednostne države ali regije. Članice z obveščanjem drugih donatorjev zagotovijo preglednost v zvezi s prednostnimi prejemnicami, politiko in programi. (i) Članice se neposredno ali prek ustreznih partnerjev posvetujejo o možnostih za oblikovanje skupnih akcijskih načrtov za prednostne države, če je mogoče za več let. (a) Pomoč v hrani se po tej konvenciji lahko zagotavlja v obliki: (i) donacij v hrani ali denarju, ki se uporabi za nakup hrane za državo prejemnico ali ga država prejemnica uporabi za nakup hrane; (ii) prodaje hrane za valuto države prejemnice, ki je neprenosljiva in je ni mogoče zamenjati za valuto ali blago in storitve, ki bi jih uporabila država donatorka; (iii) prodaje hrane z odloženim plačilom v razumnih letnih zneskih za 20 let ali več ter z obrestnimi merami, nižjimi od komercialnih, ki prevladujejo na svetovnih trgih. (b) Samo za pomoč v hrani, ki se šteje kot zaveza članice, velja, da se vsa taka pomoč najmanj razvitim državam zagotovi v obliki donacij. (c) Pomoč v hrani, ki se skladno s to konvencijo daje v obliki donacij, pomeni najmanj 80 odstotkov zaveze posameznih članic, te pa si čim bolj prizadevajo postopoma povečati ta odstotek. (d) Članice se zavežejo, da bodo vse dejavnosti, povezane s pomočjo v hrani, skladno s konvencijo opravljale tako, da se preprečijo škodljivi učinki na običajen potek proizvodnje in mednarodne trgovine. (e) Članice zagotovijo, da: (i) se dajanje pomoči v hrani ne povezuje neposredno ali posredno, formalno ali neformalno, izrecno ali neizrecno s komercialnim izvozom kmetijskih ali drugih proizvodov in storitev v države prejemnice; (ii) se dejavnosti, povezane s pomočjo v hrani, skupaj z dvostransko pomočjo v denarju opravijo skladno z Načeli o oddaji presežkov in obveznostih posvetovanja FAO. (a) Stroške prevoza in dostave pomoči v hrani po pariteti FOB v čim večji meri krijejo donatorji, zlasti pri pomoči v hrani v izrednih razmerah ali pomoči v hrani, ki se daje prednostnim državam prejemnicam. (b) Pri načrtovanju dejavnosti pomoči v hrani se ustrezno upoštevajo morebitne težave, ki lahko vplivajo na prevoz, obdelavo ali shranjevanje pomoči v hrani, ter učinki, ki bi jih dostava pomoči lahko imela na trženje lokalnih pridelkov v državi prejemnici. (c) Da bi kar najbolje uporabile razpoložljive logistične zmogljivosti, članice skupaj z drugimi donatorji pomoči v hrani, državami prejemnicami in vsemi drugimi stranmi, ki sodelujejo pri dostavi pomoči v hrani, kolikor je mogoče, oblikujejo usklajen časovni razpored za dostavo pomoči. (d) V vseh poročilih o ravnanju članic skladno s konvencijo se navede plačilo prevoznih in drugih stroškov poslovanja. (e) Stroški prevoza in drugi stroški poslovanja lahko nastanejo le kot del take dejavnosti pomoči v hrani, ki se upravičeno šteje kot prispevek članice. (a) Članice lahko svojo pomoč v hrani dajejo dvostransko, po medvladnih ali drugih mednarodnih organizacijah in nevladnih organizacijah. (b) Članice v celoti upoštevajo prednosti usmerjanja pomoči v hrani po večstranskih poteh, zlasti po Svetovnem programu za hrano. (c) Pri pripravi in opravljanju dejavnosti pomoči v hrani članice, kadar je le mogoče, uporabijo podatke in zmogljivosti ustreznih mednarodnih organizacij, medvladnih ali nevladnih, ki se ukvarjajo s pomočjo v hrani. (d) Članice naj zaradi večje učinkovitosti pomoči v hrani usklajujejo svojo politiko in dejavnosti, povezane s pomočjo v hrani z mednarodnimi organizacijami, ki delujejo na tem področju. (a) Za spodbujanje razvoja kmetijstva v državah prejemnicah, krepitev regionalnih in domačih trgov ter dolgoročno zanesljivo preskrbo s hrano držav prejemnic članice proučijo možnost, da svoje gotovinske prispevke uporabijo ali namenijo za nakup hrane: (i) od drugih držav v razvoju za dobavo državi prejemnici (»tristranske transakcije«) ali (ii) na enem območju države v razvoju za preskrbo drugega prizadetega območja iste države (»lokalni nakupi«). (b) Gotovinski prispevki se praviloma ne uporabljajo za nakup hrane, ki je iste vrste kot tista, ki jo je država, ki je vir dobave, prejela kot dvostransko ali večstransko pomoč v hrani v letu nakupa ali v predhodnem letu, če je pomoč v hrani, ki jo je tedaj prejela, še vedno v uporabi. (c) Za lažje nakupovanje hrane od držav v razvoju članice v čim večji meri sekretariatu pošiljajo podatke, ki jih imajo na voljo, o morebitnih obstoječih ali predvidenih presežkih hrane v državah v razvoju. (d) Članice svojo pozornost usmerijo zlasti v preprečevanje škodljivih učinkov na porabnike z nizkimi prihodki zaradi sprememb cen kot posledice lokalnih nakupov. (a) Pri vseh transakcijah pomoči v hrani članice posebno pozornost namenijo: (i) izogibanju škodljivim učinkom na lokalno pridelavo, proizvodnjo in trženje z ustrezno časovno razporeditvijo razdeljevanja pomoči v hrani; (ii) spoštovanju lokalnih prehranjevalnih navad in potreb uporabnikov ter čim večjemu zmanjševanju morebitnih neugodnih učinkov na njihove navade pri uživanju hrane in (iii) olajševanju sodelovanja žensk pri odločanju in izvajanju dejavnosti pomoči v hrani, s čimer se krepi zanesljivost preskrbe s hrano na ravni gospodinjstva. (b) Članice si prizadevajo in podpirajo prizadevanja vlad v državah prejemnicah pri oblikovanju in izvajanju programov pomoči v hrani v skladu s to konvencijo. (c) Članice podpirajo, in kadar je primerno, prispevajo h krepitvi zmogljivosti in usposobljenosti vlad prejemnic in ustreznih predstavnikov civilne družbe za oblikovanje in izvajanje strategij za zanesljivo preskrbo s hrano, da bi izboljšale učinek programov pomoči v hrani. (d) Kadar se pomoč v hrani v državi prejemnici prodaja, to v čim večji meri poteka prek zasebnega sektorja in na podlagi tržne analize. Pri usmerjanju prihodka iz take prodaje imajo prednost projekti, katerih namen je večja zanesljivost preskrbe upravičencev s hrano. (e) Razmišljati je treba tudi o povečanju pomoči v hrani na druge načine (finančna pomoč, tehnična pomoč itd.), da bi se izboljšale možnosti za večjo zanesljivost preskrbe s hrano in povečala usposobljenost vlad in civilne družbe za oblikovanje strategij zanesljive preskrbe s hrano na vseh ravneh. (f) Članice si prizadevajo za zagotovitev skladnosti med politiko pomoči v hrani in politiko na drugih področjih, kot so razvoj, kmetijstvo in trgovina. (g) Članice se strinjajo, da se bodo v čim večji meri posvetovale z vsemi vpletenimi partnerji na ravni posamezne države prejemnice in tako zagotovile nadzor nad usklajenostjo programov in dejavnosti pomoči v hrani. (h) Članice si prizadevajo za skupno ocenjevanje svojih programov in dejavnosti pomoči v hrani. Ocenjevanje naj temelji na dogovorjenih mednarodnih načelih. (i) Pri ocenjevanju programov in dejavnosti pomoči v hrani članice upoštevajo določbe te konvencije, ki se nanašajo na učinkovitost in vpliv teh programov in dejavnosti pomoči v hrani. (j) Članice naj ocenijo učinek svojih programov pomoči v hrani, ki potekajo dvostransko, večstransko ali prek nevladnih organizacij, z ustreznimi kazalniki, kot so stanje prehranjenosti uporabnikov in drugi kazalniki, ki se nanašajo na zanesljivost preskrbe s hrano po svetu. (a) Članice skladno s poslovnikom odboru pošiljajo redna in pravočasna poročila o količini, vsebini, usmerjanju, stroških, vključno s prevoznimi in drugimi stroški poslovanja, in oblikah svojih prispevkov ter o pogojih zanje. (b) Članice se zavezujejo, da bodo pošiljale statistične in druge podatke, potrebne za izvajanje te konvencije, zlasti o: (i) pošiljkah pomoči, vključno z nakupi proizvodov za prispevke v gotovini, lokalnimi nakupi in tristranskimi transakcijami, ter pošiljkah prek mednarodnih organizacij, (ii) sporazumih za prihodnje dobave pomoči v hrani, (iii) svoji politiki, ki vpliva na zagotavljanje in razdeljevanje pomoči v hrani. Poročila se predložijo izvršnemu direktorju v pisni obliki, če je mogoče pred vsakim rednim zasedanjem odbora. (c) Članice, ki zagotavljajo svoje prispevke v obliki večstranskih gotovinskih prispevkov mednarodnim organizacijam, o izpolnjevanju svojih obveznosti poročajo skladno s poslovnikom. (d) Članice si izmenjavajo informacije o svoji politiki in programih pomoči v hrani, o rezultatih ocenjevanja te politike in programov ter si prizadevajo zagotoviti skladnost svojih programov pomoči v hrani s strategijami zanesljive preskrbe s hrano na državni, regionalni, lokalni ravni in na ravni gospodinjstev. (e) Članice odboru vnaprej navedejo količino svoje zaveze, ki ni v obliki donacije, in pogoje za tako pomoč. (a) Odbor za pomoč v hrani, ki je bil ustanovljen s Konvencijo o pomoči v hrani Mednarodnega sporazuma o žitih, 1967, deluje še naprej zaradi izvajanja te konvencije s pristojnostmi in nalogami, določenimi v njej. (b) Odbor sestavljajo predstavniki vseh pogodbenic te konvencije. (c) Vsaka članica imenuje predstavnika, ki prebiva v kraju sedeža odbora in na katerega sekretariat običajno naslavlja vsa obvestila in druga sporočila v zvezi z delom odbora. Posamezna članica lahko sprejme druge ukrepe v dogovoru z izvršnim direktorjem. (a) Odbor sprejema odločitve in opravlja naloge, potrebne za izvajanje konvencije. Sestavi poslovnik, potreben za ta namen. (b) Odločitve odbora se sprejemajo soglasno. (c) Odbor spremlja potrebe držav v razvoju po pomoči v hrani in sposobnost članic za odzivanje nanje. (d) Odbor spremlja napredek pri uresničevanju ciljev iz I. člena te konvencije ter njeno izvajanje. (e) Odbor lahko sprejema podatke od držav prejemnic in se z njimi posvetuje. (a) Odbor vsako leto na svojem zadnjem rednem zasedanju imenuje predsednika in podpredsednika za naslednje leto. (b) Naloge predsednika: (i) odobri osnutek dnevnega reda posameznega zasedanja, (ii) predseduje zasedanjem, (iii) napove začetek in konec posameznega sestanka in zasedanja, (iv) na začetku zasedanja predloži odboru osnutek dnevnega reda v sprejetje, (v) vodi razprave in zagotavlja spoštovanje poslovnika, (vi) daje besedo in odloča o vseh vprašanjih, povezanih z dnevnim redom, skladno s poslovnikom, (vii) predlaga zadeve v odločanje in obvešča o odločitvah ter (viii) odloča o točkah dnevnega reda, ki jih predlagajo delegati. (c) Če predsednik na zasedanju ali delu zasedanja ni navzoč ali začasno ne more opravljati nalog predsednika, ga nadomešča podpredsednik. Če sta predsednik in podpredsednik odsotna, odbor imenuje začasnega predsednika. (d) Če predsednik zaradi kakršnega koli vzroka ne more več opravljati svojih nalog, jih do imenovanja novega predsednika odbora opravlja podpredsednik. (e) Podpredsednik, ki nadomešča predsednika, ali začasni predsednik ima iste pristojnosti in naloge kot predsednik. (a) Odbor se sestane vsaj dvakrat letno ob rednem zasedanju Mednarodnega sveta za žito. Odbor se sestane tudi na predlog predsednika, na zahtevo treh članic ali če je drugače določeno s to konvencijo. (b) Za sklepčnost vsakega zasedanja odbora je potrebna navzočnost delegatov, ki zastopajo dve tretjini članov odbora. (c) Kadar je primerno, lahko odbor povabi katero koli vlado nečlanico in predstavnike drugih mednarodnih medvladnih organizacij, da se kot opazovalci udeležijo odprtih sej. (d) Sedež odbora je v Londonu. (a) Odbor za svoje potrebe uporablja storitve sekretariata Mednarodnega sveta za žito za opravljanje administrativnih nalog, vključno z oblikovanjem in pošiljanjem dokumentov in poročil. (b) Izvršni direktor uresničuje odločitve odbora in opravlja naloge, določene v konvenciji in poslovniku. (a) Ob sporih glede razlage ali izvajanja konvencije ali zaradi neizpolnjevanja obveznosti po njej se odbor sestane in ustrezno ukrepa. (b) Ob nesoglasjih zaradi uporabe določb te konvencije članice upoštevajo priporočila in sklepe, ki jih odbor sprejme soglasno. Depozitar te konvencije je generalni sekretar Združenih narodov. (a) Konvencija je od 1. maja 1999 do vključno 30. junija 1999 na voljo za podpis vladam, navedenim v odstavku e III. člena. (b) Vsaka vlada podpisnica mora konvencijo ratificirati, sprejeti ali odobriti v skladu z notranjepravnimi postopki. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi se deponirajo pri depozitarju najpozneje 30. junija 1999, odbor pa lahko odobri eno ali več podaljšanj roka posamezni vladi podpisnici, ki do navedenega dne ne deponira svoje listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi. (c) Vsaka vlada podpisnica lahko pri depozitarju deponira izjavo o začasni uporabi te konvencije. Taka vlada začasno uporablja to konvencijo skladno s svojimi zakoni in drugimi predpisi ter se začasno šteje za pogodbenico konvencije. (d) Depozitar vse podpisnice in vlade pristopnice uradno obvesti o vsakem podpisu, ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi, začasni uporabi te konvencije in pristopu k njej. (a) Konvencija je na voljo za pristop vladam iz odstavka e III. člena, ki konvencije niso podpisale. Listine o pristopu se deponirajo pri depozitarju najpozneje do 30. junija 1999, odbor pa lahko odobri eno ali več podaljšanj roka vsaki vladi podpisnici, ki svoje listine o pristopu ne deponira do navedenega dne. (b) Ko konvencija začne veljati v skladu s XXIV. členom, je na voljo za pristop vsem vladam, ki niso navedene v odstavku e III. člena, pod pogoji, za katere odbor meni, da so primerni. Listine o pristopu se deponirajo pri depozitarju. (c) Vsaka vlada, ki k tej konvenciji pristopi v skladu z odstavkom a tega člena ali katere pristop je potrdil odbor v skladu z odstavkom b tega člena, lahko pri depozitarju deponira izjavo o začasni uporabi konvencije do deponiranja svoje listine o pristopu. Vsaka taka vlada začasno uporablja to konvencijo skladno s svojimi zakoni in drugimi predpisi in se začasno šteje za pogodbenico konvencije. (a) Konvencija začne veljati 1. julija 1999, če do 30. junija 1999 vlade, katerih skupne zaveze iz odstavka e III. člena so enake najmanj 75% celotnih zavez vseh vlad s seznama v navedenem odstavku, deponirajo listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu ali izjave o začasni uporabi in če velja Konvencija o trgovanju z žitom (1995). (b) Če konvencija ne začne veljati skladno z odstavkom a tega člena, vlade, ki so deponirale listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu ali izjave o začasni uporabi, lahko soglasno odločijo, da zanje konvencija začne veljati, če velja Konvencija o trgovanju z žitom (1995). (a) Ta konvencija velja do vključno 30. junija 2002, razen če se ne podaljša po odstavku b tega člena ali ne preneha veljati predčasno po odstavku f tega člena, pod pogojem, da do vključno navedenega dne velja Konvencija o trgovanju z žitom, 1995, ali nova konvencija o trgovanju z žitom, ki jo nadomesti. (b) Odbor lahko veljavnost konvencije po 30. juniju 2002 podaljša za nadaljnja obdobja, ki niso daljša od dveh let, pod pogojem, da med podaljšanim obdobjem še velja Konvencija o trgovanju z žitom, 1995, ali nova konvencija o trgovanju z žitom, ki jo nadomesti. (c) Če se ta konvencija podaljša po odstavku b tega člena, članice po potrebi pred začetkom veljavnosti vsakega podaljšanja ponovno pregledajo svoje zaveze iz odstavka e III. člena. Po pregledu ostanejo njihove zaveze nespremenjene za čas vsakega podaljšanja veljavnosti konvencije. (d) Izvajanje te konvencije se spremlja, še zlasti s stališča rezultatov morebitnih večstranskih pogajanj, ki vplivajo na zagotavljanje pomoči v hrani in posebno na ugodne kreditne pogoje, ter s stališča potrebe, da se ti rezultati uveljavijo. (e) Pred odločanjem o morebitnem podaljšanju veljavnosti te konvencije ali o novi konvenciji se pregledajo vse dejavnosti pomoči v hrani, še zlasti dejavnosti pod ugodnimi kreditnimi pogoji. (f) Če ta konvencija preneha veljati, odbor deluje še toliko časa, kolikor je potrebno za njegovo ukinitev, ter ima pristojnosti in naloge, potrebne za ta namen. (g) Vsaka članica lahko ob koncu leta odpove konvencijo tako, da najmanj 90 dni pred koncem leta depozitarju pošlje pisno obvestilo o odpovedi. Tej članici pa se ne oprostijo obveznosti, ki jih je sprejela s to konvencijo in jih ni izpolnila do konca leta svoje odpovedi. Hkrati obvesti odbor o svoji odločitvi. (h) Članica, ki odpove konvencijo, lahko spet pristopi k njej, tako da odboru in depozitarju pošlje pisno obvestilo. Pogoj za ponoven pristop h konvenciji je, da članica izpolni svoje obveznosti za leto, v katerem znova pristopi h konvenciji. Ta konvencija nadomesti Konvencijo o pomoči v hrani, 1995, ki je bila podaljšana, in je sestavna listina Mednarodnega sporazuma o žitu, 1995. Besedila te konvencije v angleškem, francoskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku so enako verodostojna. SESTAVLJENO v Londonu 13. aprila tisoč devetsto devetindevetdeset. Skladno s točko vii odstavka a II. člena ter III., X. ter XIV. členom te konvencije so s prispevki pomoči v hrani povezani ti stroški prevoza in stroški poslovanja: (a) Stroški prevoza: prevoznina, vključno z natovarjanjem in raztovarjanjem, ležarina in odprava, pretovarjanje, polnjenje v vreče, zavarovanje in nadzor, pristaniške takse in skladiščnina v pristanišču, začasne skladiščne zmogljivosti ter pristojbine v pristanišču in na poti, prevoz v državi, najem prevoznega sredstva, cestnine in spremstvo, konvojske in mejne pristojbine, najem opreme, letalo, zračni most. (b) Drugi stroški poslovanja: neprehranski proizvodi, ki jih uporabljajo upravičenci (orodje, pripomočki, kmetijski vložki), neprehranski proizvodi, ki se zagotovijo partnerjem izvajalcem (prevozna sredstva, skladiščne zmogljivosti), stroški za usposabljanje partnerjev, stroški poslovanja partnerjev izvajalcev, ki se ne štejejo kot stroški prevoza, stroški mletja in drugi posebni stroški, stroški nevladnih organizacij v državi prejemnici, storitve tehnične in logistične podpore, priprava projekta, ocena izvedljivosti, spremljanje in končna ocena, evidenca upravičencev, tehnične storitve v državi prejemnici. Skladno s VII. členom te konvencije so upravičeni prejemniki pomoči v hrani države v razvoju in ozemlja, ki jih je Odbor za razvojno pomoč pri OECD uvrstil na seznam kot prejemnike pomoči z veljavnostjo od 1. januarja 1997, in države, vključene na WTO-jev seznam držav v razvoju neto uvoznic hrane, z veljavnostjo od 1. marca 1999. (a) Najmanj razvite države Afganistan, Angola, Bangladeš, Benin, Butan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kambodža, Zelenortski otoki, Srednjeafriška republika, Čad, Komori, Demokratična republika Kongo, Džibuti, Ekvatorialna Gvineja, Eritreja, Etiopija, Gambija, Gvineja, Gvineja Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesoto, Liberija, Madagaskar, Malavi, Maldivi, Mali, Mavretanija, Mozambik, Mjanmar, Nepal, Niger, Ruanda, Sao Tome in Principe, Sierra Leone, Salomonovi otoki, Somalija, Sudan, Tanzanija, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zahodna Samoa, Jemen, Zambija. (b) Države z nižjimi dohodki Albanija, Armenija, Azerbajdžan, Bosna in Hercegovina, Kamerun, Kitajska, Republika Kongo, Slonokoščena obala, Gruzija, Gana, Gvajana, Honduras, Indija, Kenija, Kirgiška republika, Mongolija, Nikaragva, Nigerija, Pakistan, Senegal, Šrilanka, Tadžikistan, Vietnam in Zimbabve. (c) Države z nižjimi srednjimi dohodki Alžirija, Belize, Bolivija, Bocvana, Kolumbija, Kostarika, Kuba, Dominika, Dominikanska republika, Ekvador, Egipt, Salvador, Fidži, Grenada, Gvatemala, Indonezija, Iran, Irak, Jamajka, Jordanija, Kazahstan, Koreja (demokratična republika), Libanon, Makedonija (nekdanja jugoslovanska republika), Marshallovi otoki, Mikronezija (federativne države), Moldova, Maroko, Namibija, Niue, otočje Palau, Palestinska avtonomna območja, Panama, Papua Nova Gvineja, Paragvaj, Peru, Filipini, Saint Vincent in Grenadine, Surinam, Svazi, Sirija, Tajska, Timor, Tokelau, Tonga, Tunizija, Turčija, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Wallis in Futuna, Zvezna republika Jugoslavija. (d) Države v razvoju neto uvoznice hrane WTO (niso vključene zgoraj) Barbados, Mauritius, Saint Lucia, Trinidad in Tobago.