Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije o pristopu Češke republike, Republike Estonije, Republike Ciper, Republike Latvije, Republike Litve, Republike Madžarske, Republike Malte, Republike Poljske, Republike Slovenije in Slovaške republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, ter k Prvemu in Drugemu protokolu o razlagi te konvencije s strani Sodišča (MKKUP)

Ratificira se Konvencija o pristopu Češke republike, Republike Estonije, Republike Ciper, Republike Latvije, Republike Litve, Republike Madžarske, Republike Malte, Republike Poljske, Republike Slovenije in Slovaške republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, ter k Prvemu in Drugemu protokolu o razlagi te konvencije s strani Sodišča, podpisana 14. aprila 2005 v Luxembourgu.

Konvencija se v izvirniku v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku glasi: VISOKE POGODBENICE POGODBE O USTANOVITVI EVROPSKE SKUPNOSTI SO SE – OB UPOŠTEVANJU Akta o pogojih pristopa Češke republike, Republike Estonije, Republike Ciper, Republike Latvije, Republike Litve, Republike Madžarske, Republike Malte, Republike Poljske, Republike Slovenije in Slovaške republike in prilagoditvah Pogodb, na katerih temelji Evropska unija, in zlasti člena 5(2) Akta, GLEDE NA TO, da so se s pristopom k Evropski uniji nove države članice zavezale, da bodo pristopile h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, in k Prvemu in Drugemu protokolu o razlagi te konvencije s strani Sodišča, kakor so bili spremenjeni s Konvencijo, podpisano dne 10. aprila 1984 v Luxembourgu, o pristopu Helenske republike, Konvencijo, podpisano v Funchalu dne 18. maja 1992, o pristopu Kraljevine Španije in Portugalske republike ter Konvencijo, podpisano v Bruslju dne 29. novembra 1996, o pristopu Republike Avstrije, Republike Finske in Kraljevine Švedske – DOGOVORILE O NASLEDNJEM: Češka republika, Republika Estonija, Republika Ciper, Republika Latvija, Republika Litva, Republika Madžarska, Republika Malta, Republika Poljska, Republika Slovenija in Slovaška republika pristopajo: (a) h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, v nadaljevanju »Konvencija iz leta 1980«, kakršna je po vključitvi vseh prilagoditev in sprememb iz: – Konvencije, podpisane dne 10. aprila 1984 v Luxembourgu, v nadaljevanju »Konvencija iz leta 1984«, o pristopu Helenske republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih; – Konvencije, podpisane dne 18. maja 1992 v Funchalu, v nadaljevanju »Konvencija iz leta 1992«, o pristopu Kraljevine Španije in Portugalske republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih; – Konvencije, podpisane dne 29. novembra 1996 v Bruslju, v nadaljevanju »Konvencija iz leta 1996«, o pristopu Republike Avstrije, Republike Finske in Kraljevine Švedske h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih; (b) k Prvemu protokolu, podpisanemu dne 19. decembra 1988, v nadaljevanju »Prvi protokol iz leta 1988«, o razlagi Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih s strani Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti, kakršen je po vključitvi vseh prilagoditev in sprememb iz Konvencije iz leta 1992 in Konvencije iz leta 1996; (c) k Drugemu protokolu, podpisanemu dne 19. decembra 1988, v nadaljevanju »Drugi protokol iz leta 1988«, o prenosu določenih pristojnosti za razlago Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti. V člen 2(a) Prvega protokola iz leta 1988 se vstavijo naslednje alinee: (a) med prvo in drugo alineo: ´ – na Češkem: »Nejvyšší soud České republiky« »Nejvyšší správní soud« ′; (b) med tretjo in četrto alineo: ´ – v Estoniji: »Riigikohus« ´; (c) med osmo in deveto alineo: ´ – na Cipru: »Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο«, – v Latviji: »Augstākās Tiesas Senāts«, – v Litvi: »Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas« »Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas« ´; (d) med deveto in deseto alineo: ´ – na Madžarskem: »Legfelsõbb Bíróság«, – na Malti: »Qorti ta' l-Appell« ´; (e) med enajsto in dvanajsto alineo: ´ – na Poljskem: »Sąd Najwyższy« »Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny« ´; (f) med dvanajsto in trinajsto alineo: ´ – v Sloveniji: »Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije« »Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije«, – na Slovaškem: »Najvyšší súd Slovenskej republiky« ´. 1. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropske unije pošlje vladam Češke republike, Republike Estonije, Republike Ciper, Republike Latvije, Republike Litve, Republike Madžarske, Republike Malte, Republike Poljske, Slovaške republike in Republike Slovenije overjeno kopijo Konvencije iz leta 1980, Konvencije iz leta 1984, Prvega protokola iz leta 1988, Drugega protokola iz leta 1988, Konvencije iz leta 1992 in Konvencije iz leta 1996 v angleškem, danskem, španskem, finskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem, nizozemskem, portugalskem, in švedskem jeziku. 2. Besedilo Konvencije iz leta 1980, Konvencije iz leta 1984, Prvega protokola iz leta 1988, Drugega protokola iz leta 1988, Konvencije iz leta 1992 in Konvencije iz leta 1996 v češkem, estonskem, latvijskem, litovskem, madžarskem, malteškem, poljskem, slovaškem in slovenskem jeziku je verodostojno pod enakimi pogoji kakor druga besedila Konvencije iz leta 1980, Konvencije iz leta 1984, Prvega protokola iz leta 1988, Drugega protokola iz leta 1988, Konvencije iz leta 1992 in Konvencije iz leta 1996. To konvencijo podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropske unije. 1. Ta konvencija začne veljati med državami, ki so jo ratificirale, prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju druge listine o ratifikaciji. 2. Ta konvencija začne veljati za vsako podpisnico, ki jo naknadno ratificira, prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju njene listine o ratifikaciji. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropske unije uradno obvesti države podpisnice o: (a) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikacij; (b) datumih začetka veljavnosti te konvencije za pogodbenice. Ta konvencija, sestavljena v enem izvirniku v angleškem, češkem, danskem, estonskem, finskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, latvijskem, litovskem, madžarskem, malteškem, nemškem, nizozemskem, poljskem, portugalskem, slovaškem, slovenskem, španskem in švedskem jeziku, pri čemer so besedila v vseh 21 jezikih enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivu Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropske unije. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo vladam vseh podpisnic. Podpisi THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, BEARING IN MIND the Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded, and in particular Article 5(2) thereof, RECALLING that by becoming Members of the European Union, the new Member States undertook to accede to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols on its interpretation by the Court of Justice as modified by the Convention signed in Luxembourg on 10 April 1984, on the accession of the Hellenic Republic, the Convention signed in Funchal on 18 May 1992 on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic, and the Convention signed in Brussels on 29 November 1996 on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: The Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic hereby accede to: (a) the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, hereinafter referred to as »the Convention of 1980«, as it stands following incorporation of the adjustments and amendments made thereto by: – the Convention signed in Luxembourg on 10 April 1984, hereinafter referred to as »the Convention of 1984«, on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, – the Convention signed in Funchal on 18 May 1992, hereinafter referred to as »the Convention of 1992«, on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, – the Convention signed in Brussels on 29 November 1996, hereinafter referred to as »the Convention of 1996«, on the accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations; (b) the First Protocol, signed on 19 December 1988, hereinafter referred to as »the First Protocol of 1988« on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, as it stands following incorporation of the adjustments and amendments made thereto by the Convention of 1992 and the Convention of 1996; (c) the Second Protocol, signed on 19 December 1988, hereinafter referred to as »the Second Protocol of 1988«, conferring on the Court of Justice of the European Communities certain powers to interpret the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. The following indents shall be inserted in Article 2(a): (a) between the first and the second indents: – in the Czech Republic: Nejvyšší soud České republiky Nejvyšší správní soud (b) between the third and the fourth indents: – in Estonia: Riigikohus (c) between the eighth and the ninth indents: – in Cyprus: Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο – in Latvia: Augstākās Tiesas Senāts – in Lithuania: Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas (d) between the ninth and the tenth indents: – in Hungary: Legfelsõbb Bíróság – in Malta: Qorti ta' l-Appell (e) between the eleventh and the twelfth indents: – in Poland: Sąd Najwyższy Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny (f) between the twelfth and the thirteenth indents: – in Slovenia: Ustavno sodišče Republike Slovenije Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije – in Slovakia: Najvyšší súd Slovenskej republiky 1. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union shall transmit a certified copy of the Convention of 1980, the Convention of 1984, the First Protocol of 1988, the Second Protocol of 1988, the Convention of 1992 and the Convention of 1996 in the Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish languages to the Governments of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. 2. The text of the Convention of 1980, the Convention of 1984, the First Protocol of 1988, the Second Protocol of 1988, the Convention of 1992 and the Convention of 1996 in the Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Slovakian and Slovenian languages shall be authentic under the same conditions as the other texts of the Convention of 1980, the Convention of 1984, the First Protocol of 1988, the Second Protocol of 1988, the Convention of 1992 and the Convention of 1996. This Convention shall be ratified by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union. 1. This Convention shall enter into force between the States which have ratified it, on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the second instrument of ratification. 2. Thereafter, this Convention shall enter into force, for each signatory State which subsequently ratifies it, on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union shall notify the signatory States of: (a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification; (b) the dates of entry into force of this Convention for the Contracting States. This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish languages, all 21 texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each signatory state. Signatures

Republika Slovenija si v skladu s prvim odstavkom 22. člena Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, pridržuje pravico, da ne bo uporabljala določb prvega odstavka 7. člena omenjene konvencije.

Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za pravosodje.

Hkrati s tem zakonom se v angleškem jeziku in slovenskem prevodu objavijo: – Konvencija o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, – Prvi protokol o razlagi Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, s strani Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti, – Drugi protokol o prenosu določenih pristojnosti za razlago Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti, – Konvencija o pristopu Helenske republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, – Konvencija o pristopu Kraljevine Španije in Portugalske republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, – Konvencija o pristopu Republike Avstrije, Republike Finske in Kraljevine Švedske h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, ter k Prvemu in Drugemu protokolu o razlagi te konvencije s strani Sodišča.

Ta zakon začne veljati petnajsti dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe. Št. 310-09/05-6/1 Ljubljana, dne 30. novembra 2005 EPA 528-IV Predsednik Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije France Cukjati, dr.med., l.r. THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, ANXIOUS to continue in the field of private international law the work of unification of law which has already been done within the Community, in particular in the field of jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments, WISHING to establish uniform rules concerning the law applicable to contractual obligations, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 1. The rules of this Convention shall apply to contractual obligations in any situation involving a choice between the laws of different countries. 2. They shall not apply to: (a) questions involving the status or legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to Article 11; (b) contractual obligations relating to: – wills and succession, – rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, – rights and duties arising out of a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity, including maintenance obligations in respect of children who are not legitimate; (c) obligations arising under bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes and other negotiable instruments to the extent that the obligations under such other negotiable instruments arise out of their negotiable character; (d) arbitration agreements and agreements on the choice of court; (e) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate such as the creation, by registration or otherwise, legal capacity, internal organization or winding up of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate and the personal liability of officers and members as such for the obligations of the company or body; (f) the question whether an agent is able to bind a principal, or an organ to bind a company or body corporate or unincorporate, to a third party; (g) the constitution of trusts and the relationship between settlors, trustees and beneficiaries; (h) evidence and procedure, without prejudice to Article 14. 3. The rules of this Convention do not apply to contracts of insurance which cover risks situated in the territories of the Member States of the European Economic Community. In order to determine whether a risk is situated in these territories the court shall apply its internal law. 4. The preceding paragraph does not apply to contracts of re-insurance. Any law specified by this Convention shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Contracting State. 1. A contract shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties. The choice must be expressed or demonstrated with reasonable certainty by the terms of the contract or the circumstances of the case. By their choice the parties can select the law applicable to the whole or a part only of the contract. 2. The parties may at any time agree to subject the contract to a law other than that which previously governed it, whether as a result of an earlier choice under this Article or of other provisions of this Convention. Any variation by the parties of the law to be applied made after the conclusion of the contract shall not prejudice its formal validity under Article 9 or adversely affect the rights of third parties. 3. The fact that the parties have chosen a foreign law, whether or not accompanied by the choice of a foreign tribunal, shall not, where all the other elements relevant to the situation at the time of the choice are connected with one country only, prejudice the application of rules of the law of that country which cannot be derogated from by contract, hereinafter called »mandatory rules«. 4. The existence and validity of the consent of the parties as to the choice of the applicable law shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Articles 8, 9 and 11. 1. To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection with another country may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the party who is to effect the performance which is characteristic of the contract has, at the time of conclusion of the contract, his habitual residence, or, in the case of a body corporate or unincorporate, its central administration. However, if the contract is entered into in the course of that party's trade or profession, that country shall be the country in which the principal place of business is situated or, where under the terms of the contract the performance is to be effected through a place of business other than the principal place of business, the country in which that other place of business is situated. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, to the extent that the subject matter of the contract is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the immovable property is situated. 4. A contract for the carriage of goods shall not be subject to the presumption in paragraph 2. In such a contract if the country in which, at the time the contract is concluded, the carrier has his principal place of business is also the country in which the place of loading or the place of discharge or the principal place of business of the consignor is situated, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with that country. In applying this paragraph single voyage charter-parties and other contracts the main purpose of which is the carriage of goods shall be treated as contracts for the carriage of goods. 5. Paragraph 2 shall not apply if the characteristic performance cannot be determined, and the presumptions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall be disregarded if it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country. 1. This Article applies to a contract the object of which is the supply of goods or services to a person (»the consumer«) for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, or a contract for the provision of credit for that object. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the consumer of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence: – if in that country the conclusion of the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to him or by advertising, and he had taken in that country all the steps necessary on his part for the conclusion of the contract, or – if the other party or his agent received the consumer's order in that country, or – if the contract is for the sale of goods and the consumer travelled from that country to another country and there gave his order, provided that the consumer's journey was arranged by the seller for the purpose of inducing the consumer to buy. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract to which this Article applies shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence if it is entered into in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of this Article. 4. This Article shall not apply to: (a) a contract of carriage; (b) a contract for the supply of services where the services are to be supplied to the consumer exclusively in a country other than that in which he has his habitual residence. 5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, this Article shall apply to a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation. 1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, in a contract of employment a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law which would be applicable under paragraph 2 in the absence of choice. 2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract of employment shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed: (a) by the law of the country in which the employee habitually carries out his work in performance of the contract, even if he is temporarily employed in another country; or (b) if the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one country, by the law of the country in which the place of business through which he was engaged is situated; unless it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country, in which case the contract shall be governed by the law of that country. 1. When applying under this Convention the law of a country, effect may be given to the mandatory rules of the law of another country with which the situation has a close connection, if and in so far as, under the law of the latter country, those rules must be applied whatever the law applicable to the contract. In considering whether to give effect to these mandatory rules, regard shall be had to their nature and purpose and to the consequences of their application or non-application. 2. Nothing in this Convention shall restrict the application of the rules of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract. 1. The existence and validity of a contract, or of any term of a contract, shall be determined by the law which would govern it under this Convention if the contract or term were valid. 2. Nevertheless a party may rely upon the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence to establish that he did not consent if it appears from the circumstances that it would not be reasonable to determine the effect of his conduct in accordance with the law specified in the preceding paragraph. 1. A contract concluded between persons who are in the same country is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of the country where it is concluded. 2. A contract concluded between persons who are in different countries is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of one of those countries. 3. Where a contract is concluded by an agent, the country in which the agent acts is the relevant country for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2. 4. An act intended to have legal effect relating to an existing or contemplated contract is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which under this Convention governs or would govern the contract or of the law of the country where the act was done. 5. The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall not apply to a contract to which Article 5 applies, concluded in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of Article 5. The formal validity of such a contract is governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence. 6. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article, a contract the subject matter of which is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property shall be subject to the mandatory requirements of form of the law of the country where the property is situated if by that law those requirements are imposed irrespective of the country where the contract is concluded and irrespective of the law governing the contract. 1. The law applicable to a contract by virtue of Articles 3 to 6 and 12 of this Convention shall govern in particular: (a) interpretation; (b) performance; (c) within the limits of the powers conferred on the court by its procedural law, the consquences of breach, including the assessment of damages in so far as it is governed by rules of law; (d) the various ways of extinguishing obligations, and prescription and limitation of actions; (e) the consequences of nullity of the contract. 2. In relation to the manner of performance and the steps to be taken in the event of defective performance regard shall be had to the law of the country in which performance takes place. In a contract concluded between persons who are in the same country, a natural person who would have capacity under the law of that country may invoke his incapacity resulting from another law only if the other party to the contract was aware of this incapacity at the time of the conclusion of the contract or was not aware thereof as a result of negligence. 1. The mutual obligations of assignor and assignee under a voluntary assignment of a right against another person (»the debtor«) shall be governed by the law which under this Convention applies to the contract between the assignor and assignee. 2. The law governing the right to which the assignment relates shall determine its assignability, the relationship between the assignee and the debtor, the conditions under which the assignment can be invoked against the debtor and any question whether the debtor's obligations have been discharged. 1. Where a person (»the creditor«) has a contractual claim upon another (»the debtor«), and a third person has a duty to satisfy the creditor, or has in fact satisfied the creditor in discharge of that duty, the law which governs the third person's duty to satisfy the creditor shall determine whether the third person is entitled to exercise against the debtor the rights which the creditor had against the debtor under the law governing their relationship and, if so, whether he may do so in full or only to a limited extent. 2. The same rule applies where several persons are subject to the same contractual claim and one of them has satisfied the creditor. 1. The law governing the contract under this Convention applies to the extent that it contains, in the law of contract, rules which raise presumptions of law or determine the burden of proof. 2. A contract or an act intended to have legal effect may be proved by any mode of proof recognized by the law of the forum or by any of the laws referred to in Article 9 under which that contract or act is formally valid, provided that such mode of proof can be administered by the forum. The application of the law of any country specified by this Convention means the application of the rules of law in force in that country other than its rules of private international law. The application of a rule of the law of any country specified by this Convention may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy (»ordre public«) of the forum. This Convention shall apply in a Contracting State to contracts made after the date on which this Convention has entered into force with respect to that State. In the interpretation and application of the preceding uniform rules, regard shall be had to their international character and to the desirability of achieving uniformity in their interpretation and application. 1. Where a State comprises several territorial units each of which has its own rules of law in respect of contractual obligations, each territorial unit shall be considered as a country for the purposes of identifying the law applicable under this Convention. 2. A State within which different territorial units have their own rules of law in respect of contractual obligations shall not be bound to apply this Convention to conflicts solely between the laws of such units. This Convention shall not affect the application of provisions which, in relation to particular matters, lay down choice of law rules relating to contractual obligations and which are or will be contained in acts of the institutions of the European Communities or in national laws harmonized in implementation of such acts. This Convention shall not prejudice the application of international conventions to which a Contracting State is, or becomes, a party. 1. Any Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, reserve the right not to apply: (a) the provisions of Article 7 (1); (b) the provisions of Article 10

(1)(e). 2. Any Contracting State may also, when notifying an extension of the Convention in accordance with Article 27 (2), make one or more of these reservations, with its effect limited to all or some of the territories mentioned in the extension. 3. Any Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation which it has made; the reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after notification of the withdrawal. 1. If, after the date on which this Convention has entered into force for a Contracting State, that State wishes to adopt any new choice of law rule in regard to any particular category of contract within the scope of this Convention, it shall communicate its intention to the other signatory States through the Secretary-Geneal of the Council of the European Communities. 2. Any signatory State may, within six months from the date of the communication made to the Secretary-General, request him to arrange consultations between signatory States in order to reach agreement. 3. If no signatory State has requested consultations within this period or if within two years following the communication made to the Secretary-General no agreement is reached in the course of consultations, the Contracting State concerned may amend its law in the manner indicated. The measures taken by that State shall be brought to the knowledge of the other signatory States through the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. 1. If, after the date on which this Convention has entered into force with respect to a Contracting State, that State wishes to become a party to a multilateral convention whose principal aim or one of whose principal aims is to lay down rules of private international law concerning any of the matters governed by this Convention, the procedure set out in Article 23 shall apply. However, the period of two years, referred to in paragraph 3 of that Article, shall be reduced to one year. 2. The procedure referred to in the preceding paragraph need not be followed if a Contracting State or one of the European Communities is already a party to the multilateral convention, or if its object is to revise a convention to which the State concerned is already a party, or if it is a convention concluded within the framework of the Treaties establishing the European Communities. If a Contracting State considers that the unification achieved by this Convention is prejudiced by the conclusion of agreements not covered by Article 24 (1), that State may request the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities to arrange consultations between the signatory States of this Convention. Any Contracting State may request the revision of this Convention. In this event a revision conference shall be convened by the President of the Council of the European Communities. 1. This Convention shall apply to the European territories of the Contracting States, including Greenland, and to the entire territory of the French Republic. 2. Nothwithstanding paragraph 1: (a) this Convention shall not apply to the Faroe Islands, unless the Kingdom of Denmark makes a declaration to the contrary; (b) this Convention shall not apply to any European territory situated outside the United Kingdom for the international relations of which the United Kingdom is responsible, unless the United Kingdom makes a declaration to the contrary in respect of any such territory; (c) this Convention shall apply to the Netherlands Antilles, if the Kingdom of the Netherlands makes a declaration to that effect. 3. Such declarations may be made at any time by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. 4. Proceedings brought in the United Kingdom on appeal from courts in one of the territories referred to in paragraph 2 (b) shall be deemed to be proceedings taking place in those courts. 1. This Convention shall be open from 19 June 1980 for signature by the States party to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community. 2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. 1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the seventh instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval. 2. This Convention shall enter into force for each signatory State ratifying, accepting or approving at a later date on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval. 1. This Convention shall remain in force for 10 years from the date of its entry into force in accordance with Article 29 (1), even for States for which it enters into force at a later date. 2. If there has been no denunciation it shall be renewed tacitly every five years. 3. A Contracting State which wishes to denounce shall, not less than six months before the expiration of the period of 10 or five years, as the case may be, give notice to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. Denunciation may be limited to any territory to which the Convention has been extended by a declaration under Article 27 (2). 4. The denunciation shall have effect only in relation to the State which has notified it. The Convention will remain in force as between all other Contracting States. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the States party to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community of: (a) the signatures; (b) the deposit of each instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval; (c) the date of entry into force of this Convention; (d) communications made in pursuance of Articles 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 30; (e) the reservations and withdrawals of reservations referred to in Article 22. The Protocol annexed to this Convention shall form an integral part thereof. This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish and Italian languages, these texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy thereof to the Government of each signatory State. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention. Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty. The High Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following provision which shall be annexed to the Convention: Notwithstanding the provisions of the Convention, Denmark may retain the rules contained in Søloven (Statute on Maritime Law) paragraph 169 concerning the applicable law in matters relating to carriage of goods by sea and may revise these rules without following the procedure prescribed in Article 23 of the Convention. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol. Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty. At the time of the signature of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, the Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, I. anxious to avoid, as far as possible, dispersion of choice of law rules among several instruments and differences between these rules, express the wish that the institutions of the European Communities, in the exercise of their powers under the Treaties by which they were established, will, where the need arises, endeavour to adopt choice of law rules which are as far as possible consistent with those of this Convention; II. declare their intention as from the date of signature of this Convention until becoming bound by Article 24, to consult with each other if any one of the signatory States wishes to become a party to any convention to which the procedure referred to in Article 24 would apply; III. having regard to the contribution of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations to the unification of choice of law rules within the European Communities, express the view that any State which becomes a member of the European Communities should accede to this Convention In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Joint Declaration. Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty. The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, On signing the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations; Desiring to ensure that the Convention is applied as effectively as possible; Anxious to prevent differences of interpretation of the Convention from impairing its unifying effect; Declare themselves ready: 1. to examine the possibility of conferring jurisdicition in certain matters on the Court of Justice of the European Communities and, if necessary, to negotiate an agreement to this effect; 2. to arrange meetings at regular intervals between their representatives. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Joint Declaration. Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty. THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, HAVING REGARD to the Joint Declaration annexed to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, HAVE DECIDED to conclude a Protocol conferring jurisdiction on the Court of Justice of the European Communities to interpret that Convention, and to this end have designated as their Plenipotentiaries: HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: Paul DE KEERSMAEKER State Secretary for European Affairs and Agriculture, Deputy to the Minister for External Relations HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK: Knud Erik TYGESEN State Secretary THE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: Irmgard ADAM-SCHWAETZER Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC: Théodoros PANGALOS Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN: Francisco FERNANDEZ ORDOÑEZ Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: Philippe LOUËT Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary THE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND: Brian LENIHAN Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: Gianni MANZOLINI State Secretary for Foreign Affairs HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG: Jacques POOS Vice-President of the Government, Minister for Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Cooperation, Minister for the Economy and the Middle Classes, Minister for the Treasury HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS: H. van den BROEK Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC: João de Deus PINHEIRO Minister for Foreign Affairs HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Lynda CHALKER Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs WHO, meeting within the Council of the European Communities, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall have jurisdiction to give rulings on the interpretation of: (a) the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, hereinafter referred to as 'the Rome Convention'; (b) the Convention on accession to the Rome Convention by the States which have become Members of the European Communities since the date on which it was opened for signature; (c) this Protocol. Any of the courts referred to below may request the Court of Justice to give a preliminary ruling on a question raised in a case pending before it and concerning interpretation of the provisions contained in the instruments referred to in Article 1 if that court considers that a decision on the question is necessary to enable it to give judgment: (a) – in Belgium: „la Cour de cassation“ („het Hof van Cassatie“) and „le Conseil d’État“ („de Raad van State“), – in Denmark: „Højesteret“, – in the Federal Republic of Germany: „die obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes“, – in Greece: „Τα ανώτατα Δικαστήρια“, – in Spain: „el Tribunal Supremo“, – in France: „la Cour de cassation“ and „le Conseil d’État“, – in Ireland: „the Supreme Court“, – in Italy: „la Corte suprema di cassazione“ and „il Consiglio di Stato“, – in Luxembourg: „la Cour Supérieure de Justice“, when sitting as „Cour de cassation“, – in the Netherlands: „de Hoge Raad“, – in Portugal: „o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça“ and „o Supremo Tribunal Administrativo“, – in the United Kingdom: „the House of Lords“ and other courts from which no further appeal is possible; (b) the courts of the Contracting States when acting as appeal courts. 1. The competent authority of a Contracting State may request the Court of Justice to give a ruling on a question of interpretation of the provisions contained in the instruments referred to in Article 1 if judgments given by courts of that State conflict with the interpretation given either by the Court of Justice or in a judgment of one of the courts of another Contracting State referred to in Article 2. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply only to judgments which have become res judicata. 2. The interpretation given by the Court of Justice in response to such a request shall not affect the judgments which gave rise to the request for interpretation. 3. The Procurators-General of the Supreme Courts of Appeal of the Contracting States, or any other authority designated by a Contracting State, shall be entitled to request the Court of Justice for a ruling on interpretation in accordance with paragraph 1. 4. The Registrar of the Court of Justice shall give notice of 4. The Registrar of the Court of Justice shall give notice of the request to the Contracting States, to the Commission and to the Council of the European Communities; they shall then be entitled within two months of the notification to submit statements of case or written observations to the Court. 5. No fees shall be levied or any costs or expenses awarded in respect of the proceedings provided for in this Article. 1. Except where this Protocol otherwise provides, the provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community and those of the Protocol on the Statute of the Court of Justice annexed thereto, which are applicable when the Court is requested to give a preliminary ruling, shall also apply to any proceedings for the interpretation of the instruments referred to in Article 1. 2. The Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice shall, if necessary, be adjusted and supplemented in accordance with Article 188 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community. This Protocol shall be subject to ratification by the Signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. 1. To enter into force, this Protocol must be ratified by seven States in respect of which the Rome Convention is in force. This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the instrument of ratification by the last such State to take this step. If, however, the Second Protocol conferring on the Court of Justice of the European Communities certain powers to interpret the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, concluded in Brussels on 19 December 1988 (1), enters into force on a later date, this Protocol shall enter into force on the date of entry into force of the Second Protocol. 2. Any ratification subsequent to the entry into force of this Protocol shall take effect on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the instrument of ratification, provided that the ratification, acceptance or approval of the Rome Convention by the State in question has become effective. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the Signatory States of: (a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification; (b) the date of entry into force of this Protocol; (c) any designation communicated pursuant to Article 3 (3); (d) any communication made pursuant to Article 8. The Contracting States shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities the texts of any provisions of their laws which necessitate an amendment to the list of courts in Article 2 (a). This Protocol shall have effect for as long as the Rome Convention remains in force under the conditions laid down in Article 30 of that Convention. Any Contracting State may request the revision of this Protocol. In this event, a revision conference shall be convened by the President of the Council of the European Communities. This Protocol, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish languages, all 10 texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each Signatory State. In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have affixed their signatures below this Protocol. Done at Brussels on the nineteenth day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight. The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Portuguese Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, On signing the First Protocol on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, Desiring to ensure that the Convention is applied as effectively and as uniformly as possible, Declare themselves ready to organize, in cooperation with the Court of Justice of the European Communities, an exchange of information on judgments which have become res judicata and have been handed down pursuant to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations by the courts referred to in Article 2 of the said Protocol. The exchange of information will comprise: – the forwarding to the Court of Justice by the competent national authorities of judgments handed down by the courts referred to in Article 2 (a) and significant judgments handed down by the courts referred to in Article 2 (b), – the classification and the documentary exploitation of these judgments by the Court of Justice including, as far as necessary, the drawing up of abstracts and translations, and the publication of judgments of particular importance, – the communication by the Court of Justice of the documentary material to the competent national authorities of the States parties to the Protocol and to the Commission and the Council of the European Communities. In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have affixed their signature below this Joint Declaration. Done at Brussels on the nineteenth day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight. The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Portuguese Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, On signing the First Protocol on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, Having regard to the Joint Declaration annexed to the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, Desiring to ensure that the Convention is applied as effectively and as uniformly as possible, Anxious to prevent differences of interpretation of the Convention from impairing its unifying effect, Express the view that any State which becomes a member of the European Communities should accede to this Protocol. In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have affixed their signatures below this Joint Declaration. Done at Brussels on the nineteenth day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight. THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, WHEREAS the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, hereinafter referred to as 'the Rome Convention', will enter into force after the deposit of the seventh instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval; WHEREAS the uniform application of the rules laid down in the Rome Convention requires that machinery to ensure uniform interpretation be set up and whereas to that end appropriate powers should be conferred upon the Court of Justice of the European Communities, even before the Rome Convention enters into force with respect to all the Member States of the European Economic Community, HAVE DECIDED to conclude this Protocol and to this end have designated as their Plenipotentiaries: HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: Paul DE KEERSMAEKER State Secretary for European Affairs and Agriculture, Deputy to the Minister for External Relations HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK: Knud Erik TYGESEN State Secretary THE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: Irmgard ADAM-SCHWAETZER Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC: Théodoros PANGALOS Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN: Francisco FERNANDEZ ORDOÑEZ Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: Philippe LOUËT Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary THE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND: Brian LENIHAN Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: Gianni MANZOLINI State Secretary for Foreign Affairs HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG: Jacques POOS Vice-President of the Government, Minister for Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Cooperation, Minister for the Economy and the Middle Classes, Minister for the Treasury HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS: H. van den BROEK Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC: João de Deus PINHEIRO Minister for Foreign Affairs HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Lynda CHALKER Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs WHO, meeting within the Council of the European Communities, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 1. The Court of Justice of the European Communities shall, with respect to the Rome Convention, have the jurisdiction conferred upon it by the First Protocol on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, concluded in Brussels on 19 December 1988 (1). The Protocol on the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice shall apply. 2. The Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice shall be adapted and supplemented as necessary in accordance with Article 188 of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community. This Protocol shall be subject to ratification by the Signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. This Protocol shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the instrument of ratification of the last Signatory State to complete that formality. This Protocol, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish languages, all 10 texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each signatory. In witness whereof, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have affixed their signatures below this Protocol. Done at Brussels on the nineteenth day of December in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight. VISOKE POGODBENICE Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti – V ŽELJI nadaljevati delo, ki je bilo v Skupnosti že opravljeno pri poenotenju prava na področju mednarodnega zasebnega prava, zlasti na področju pristojnosti in izvrševanja sodnih odločb; V ŽELJI oblikovati enotna pravila za uporabo prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih – SO SE DOGOVORILE O NASLEDNJEM: 1. Pravila te konvencije se uporabljajo za pogodbena obligacijska razmerja v vseh primerih, ko je treba izbrati med pravi več držav. 2. Pravila te konvencije se ne uporabljajo za: (a) zadeve, ki se nanašajo na status, pravno ali poslovno sposobnost fizičnih oseb, brez poseganja v člen 11; (b) pogodbena obligacijska razmerja v zvezi z: – oporokami in dedovanjem, – premoženjskimi razmerji med zakoncema, – pravicami in obveznostmi iz družinskih razmerij, starševstvom, zakonsko zvezo ali svaštvom, vključno z obveznostjo preživljanja nezakonskih otrok; (c) obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz menic, čekov in zadolžnic ter iz drugih prenosljivih vrednostnih papirjev, kolikor obveznosti iz teh drugih prenosljivih vrednostnih papirjev izvirajo iz njihove prenosljive narave; (d) arbitražne dogovore in dogovore o izbiri sodišča; (e) vprašanja, ki jih ureja pravo družb in drugih subjektov s pravno osebnostjo ali brez nje, kot so na primer ustanovitev z registracijo ali kako drugače, pravna in poslovna sposobnost, notranja organizacija, likvidacija družb in drugih subjektov s pravno osebnostjo ali brez nje ter osebna odgovornost družbenikov in organov za obveznosti družbe in drugih subjektov; (f) vprašanje, ali lahko zastopnik s svojimi dejanji zavezuje zastopanega nasproti tretji osebi in ali organ lahko zavezuje družbo ali subjekt s pravno osebnostjo ali brez nje nasproti tretji osebi; (g) ustanovitev „trustov“ ter za razmerja med ustanovitelji, skrbniki in upravičenci „trustov“; (h) dokaze in postopek, brez poseganja v člen 14. 3. Pravila te konvencije se ne uporabljajo za zavarovalne pogodbe, ki krijejo tveganja na ozemljih držav članic Evropske gospodarske skupnosti. Sodišče pri odločanju, ali je tveganje na teh ozemljih, uporabi svoje notranje pravo. 4. Prejšnji odstavek se ne uporablja za pozavarovalne pogodbe. Uporabi se vsako pravo, na katerega napotuje ta konvencija, ne glede na to, ali gre za pravo ene od pogodbenic. 1. Pogodbo ureja pravo, ki ga izbereta pogodbeni stranki. Izbira pogodbenih strank mora biti izražena izrecno ali pa mora dovolj nedvoumno izhajati iz pogodbenih določil ali okoliščin primera. Pogodbeni stranki se lahko dogovorita, da se izbrano pravo uporablja za pogodbo v celoti ali le za njen del. 2. Pogodbeni stranki se lahko kadar koli dogovorita, da se za pogodbo uporablja drugo pravo, kot se je uporabljalo prej, bodisi na podlagi prejšnje izbire v skladu s tem členom ali na podlagi drugih določb te konvencije. Sprememba prava, ki naj se uporablja za pogodbo, o kateri se pogodbeni stranki dogovorita po sklenitvi pogodbe, ne more vplivati na njeno formalno veljavnost v smislu člena 9 ali na pravice tretjih oseb. 3. V primeru, da so vse druge okoliščine v trenutku izbire prava povezane le z eno državo, dejstvo, da sta pogodbeni stranki izbrali tuje pravo, ne glede na to, ali sta pri tem izbrali tudi tuje sodišče, ne more izključiti uporabe določb prava te države, od katerih s pogodbo ni dovoljeno odstopati (v nadaljevanju „prisilne določbe“). 4. Obstoj in veljavnost dogovora pogodbenih strank o izbiri prava, ki naj se uporabi, se presoja v skladu z določbami členov 8, 9 in 11. 1. Če pogodbeni stranki nista izbrali prava v skladu s členom 3, se za pogodbo uporablja pravo države, s katero je ta pogodba najtesneje povezana. Če je mogoče posamezen del pogodbe ločiti od preostale pogodbe in je ta del tesneje povezan z drugo državo, se zanj lahko uporablja pravo te druge države. 2. Ob upoštevanju določb odstavka 5 se domneva, da je pogodba najtesneje povezana z državo, v kateri ima pogodbena stranka, ki je dolžna opraviti za posamezno pogodbo značilno izpolnitev, v trenutku sklenitve pogodbe običajno prebivališče ali, v primeru subjekta s pravno osebnostjo ali brez nje, glavno upravo. Če pa ta pogodbena stranka pogodbo sklene v okviru opravljanja svoje gospodarske ali poklicne dejavnosti, se domneva, da je pogodba najtesneje povezana z državo, v kateri je glavna poslovna enota te pogodbene stranke ali, če mora po pogodbi obveznosti izpolniti druga poslovna enota in ne glavna poslovna enota, država, v kateri je ta druga poslovna enota. 3. Če je predmet pogodbe stvarna pravica na nepremičnini ali pravica do uporabe nepremičnine, se ne glede na določbe odstavka 2 domneva, da je pogodba najtesneje povezana z državo, v kateri se nahaja nepremičnina. 4. Domneva iz odstavka 2 ne velja za pogodbo o prevozu blaga. Če je država, v kateri ima prevoznik v trenutku sklenitve pogodbe svojo glavno poslovno enoto, hkrati tudi država kraja nakladanja ali kraja razkladanja ali država, kjer se nahaja glavna poslovna enota pošiljatelja, se domneva, da je pogodba najtesneje povezana s to državo. Za namene uporabe tega odstavka se pogodba o zakupu vozila za en sam prevoz in druge pogodbe, katerih glavni namen je prevoz blaga, štejejo za pogodbe o prevozu blaga. 5. Odstavek 2 se ne uporablja, če značilne izpolnitve ni mogoče določiti. Domneve iz odstavkov 2, 3 in 4 ne veljajo, kadar je glede na vse okoliščine mogoče sklepati, da je pogodba tesneje povezana z drugo državo. 1. Ta člen se uporablja za pogodbe, katerih predmet je dobava premičnih stvari ali opravljanje storitev za osebo (potrošnika) za namen, ki ga ni mogoče obravnavati kot gospodarsko ali poklicno dejavnost te osebe, ali za pogodbe o financiranju take dobave ali storitev. 2. Ne glede na določbe člena 3 izbira prava s strani pogodbenih strank ne sme pripeljati do izključitve prisilnih določb o varstvu potrošnika po pravu države, v kateri ima potrošnik običajno prebivališče: – če sklenitev pogodbe izhaja iz posebne ponudbe za potrošnika ali reklame v tej državi in je potrošnik v tej državi opravil vsa pravna dejanja za sklenitev pogodbe, ali – če je druga pogodbena stranka ali njen zastopnik prevzel potrošnikovo naročilo v tej državi, ali — če gre za pogodbo o prodaji stvari in je potrošnik potoval iz te države v drugo državo, kjer je oddal svoje naročilo, pod pogojem, da je potrošnikovo potovanje organiziral prodajalec, da bi ga spodbudil k nakupu. 3. V primeru, da pogodbeni stranki v skladu s členom 3 ne izbereta prava in ne glede na določbe člena 4 ureja potrošniške pogodbe pravo države, v kateri ima potrošnik običajno prebivališče, če je pogodba sklenjena v okoliščinah iz odstavka 2 tega člena. 4. Ta člen se ne uporablja: (a) za prevozne pogodbe; (b) za pogodbe o opravljanju storitev, če se storitve za potrošnika opravijo izključno zunaj države, v kateri ima običajno prebivališče. 5. Ne glede na določbe odstavka 4 se ta člen uporablja za pogodbo, ki po skupni ceni predvideva kombinacijo potovanja in nastanitve. 1. Ne glede na določbe člena 3 izbira prava s strani pogodbenih strank v pogodbi o zaposlitvi ne sme pripeljati do izključitve prisilnih določb o varstvu pravic delavcev po pravu države, ki bi se uporabljalo v skladu z odstavkom 2, če pogodbeni stranki ne bi izbrali prava. 2. V primeru, da pogodbeni stranki v skladu s členom 3 ne izbereta prava, in ne glede na določbe člena 4 se za pogodbo o zaposlitvi uporablja: (a) pravo države, v kateri delavec v izpolnjevanju pogodbe običajno opravlja svoje delo, tudi če je začasno napoten v drugo državo; ali (b) pravo države, v kateri je poslovna enota, ki ga je zaposlila, če delavec običajno ne opravlja svojega dela samo v eni državi, razen kadar iz vseh okoliščin izhaja, da je pogodba tesneje povezana z drugo državo – v tem primeru se za pogodbo uporablja pravo te države. 1. Kadar se po tej konvenciji uporablja pravo določene države, je možno uporabiti prisilne določbe prava druge države, s katero je dejansko stanje tesno povezano, če in kolikor se morajo po pravu te druge države take določbe uporabljati ne glede na to, katero pravo se sicer uporablja za pogodbo. Pri odločitvi o uporabi teh prisilnih določb se upošteva njihovo naravo in namen ter posledice njihove uporabe oziroma neuporabe. 2. Nobena določba te konvencije ne omejuje uporabe prisilnih določb prava države sodišča, pred katerim poteka postopek, ne glede na pravo, ki se sicer uporablja za pogodbo. 1. Sklenitev in veljavnost pogodbe ali veljavnost pogodbenih določil se presoja po pravu, ki bi se uporabljalo po tej konvenciji, če bi bila pogodba ali pogodbena določila veljavna. 2. Vseeno se lahko pogodbena stranka, kadar zatrjuje, da se ni strinjala, sklicuje na pravo države, v kateri ima običajno prebivališče, če je iz okoliščin mogoče sklepati, da učinka njenega ravnanja ni primerno presojati po pravu iz odstavka 1. 1. Pogodba, sklenjena med osebami, ki se nahajajo v isti državi, je formalno veljavna, če zadosti obličnostnim zahtevam po pravu države, ki se zanjo uporablja v skladu s to konvencijo, ali po pravu države, v kateri je bila sklenjena. 2. Pogodba, sklenjena med osebami, ki se nahajajo v različnih državah, je formalno veljavna, če zadosti obličnostnim zahtevam po pravu države, ki se zanjo uporablja v skladu s to konvencijo, ali po pravu ene od teh držav. 3. Če se pogodba sklene po zastopniku, se za namene odstavkov 1 in 2 upošteva država, kjer se nahaja zastopnik, ko sklene pogodbo. 4. Enostransko pravno dejanje v zvezi z obstoječo ali nameravano pogodbo je formalno veljavno, če zadosti obličnostnim zahtevam po pravu države, ki se zanj uporablja ali bi se uporabljalo v skladu s to konvencijo, ali po pravu države, v kateri je bilo to dejanje opravljeno. 5. Določbe prejšnjih odstavkov se ne uporabljajo za pogodbo, za katero se uporablja člen 5 in je bila sklenjena v okoliščinah iz člena 5(2). Oblika takih pogodb se presoja po pravu države, v kateri ima potrošnik običajno prebivališče. 6. Ne glede na odstavke 1 do 4 se za pogodbo, katere predmet je stvarna pravica na nepremičnini ali pravica do uporabe nepremičnine, uporabljajo prisilne določbe o obliki po pravu države, v kateri je nepremičnina, če so po tem pravu te določbe obvezne ne glede na to, v kateri državi je bila pogodba sklenjena, in ne glede na to, katero pravo se uporablja za pogodbo. 1. Pravo, ki se uporablja za pogodbo v skladu s členi 3 do 6 in členom 12 te konvencije, ureja predvsem: (a) razlago; (b) izpolnitev; (c) v mejah pristojnosti, ki jih ima sodišče v skladu s procesnim pravom, posledice delne in popolne neizpolnitve obveznosti, vključno z oceno škode, kolikor tako oceno urejajo pravna pravila; (d) različne načine prenehanja obveznosti ter zastaranje samih pravic in pravic zahtevati izpolnitev obveznosti; (e) posledice neveljavnosti pogodbe. 2. V zvezi z načinom izpolnitve in dejanji, ki jih je treba opraviti v primeru nepopolne izpolnitve, se upošteva pravo države, kjer se pogodba izpolni. V primeru pogodbe, sklenjene med osebami, ki se nahajajo v isti državi, se lahko fizična oseba, ki bi bila poslovno sposobna po pravu te države, sklicuje na svojo poslovno nesposobnost na podlagi prava druge države samo, če je druga pogodbena stranka v trenutku sklenitve pogodbe vedela za njegovo nesposobnost oziroma tega ni vedela zaradi malomarnosti. 1. Za medsebojne obveznosti upnika in prevzemnika terjatve se uporablja pravo, ki se v skladu s to konvencijo uporablja za pogodbo o odstopu terjatve. 2. Dopustnost odstopa terjatve, razmerja med prevzemnikom terjatve in dolžnikom, pogoje, pod katerimi se lahko odstopljena terjatev uveljavlja nasproti dolžniku, ter vprašanje, ali je dolžnik izpolnil svoje obveznosti, se presoja po pravu države, ki se uporablja za odstopljeno terjatev. 1. Kadar ima oseba (upnik) nasproti drugi osebi (dolžniku) terjatev iz pogodbe, tretja oseba pa ima obveznost poravnati to terjatev upniku ali je to terjatev na podlagi svoje obveznosti že poravnala upniku, se upravičenost tretje osebe, da uveljavlja pravice, ki jih je imel upnik nasproti dolžniku po pravu, ki se je uporabljalo za njuno razmerje, ter obseg uveljavljanja te pravice presoja po pravu, ki ureja obveznost tretje osebe, da poravna to terjatev upniku. 2. Isto pravilo se uporablja, če mora več oseb poravnati isto pogodbeno terjatev in je ena od njih to terjatev upniku že poravnala. 1. Skupaj s pravom, ki se v skladu s to konvencijo uporablja za pogodbo, se uporabljajo tudi zakonske domneve ali ureditve dokaznega bremena, ki so s tem pravom predvidene za pogodbena razmerja. 2. Pogodba ali enostransko pravno dejanje se lahko dokazuje z vsakim dokaznim sredstvom, ki ga dopušča pravo države sodišča, pred katerim poteka postopek, ali katero koli pravo iz člena 9, po katerem je pogodba ali enostransko pravno dejanje veljavno, pod pogojem, da je tako dokazno sredstvo pred sodiščem, pred katerim poteka postopek, možno izvesti. Uporaba prava katere koli države po tej konvenciji pomeni uporabo v tej državi veljavnih pravil, razen pravil mednarodnega zasebnega prava te države. Uporaba pravnega pravila katere koli države po tej konvenciji se lahko zavrne le, če je taka uporaba očitno v nasprotju z javnim redom države sodišča, pred katerim poteka postopek. Ta konvencija se v pogodbenici uporablja za pogodbe, sklenjene po datumu začetka veljavnosti te konvencije v tej državi. Pri razlagi in uporabi zgornjih enotnih pravil je treba upoštevati njihov mednarodni značaj ter zaželenost doseganja enotne razlage in uporabe teh pravil. 1. Če država obsega več ozemeljskih enot, od katerih ima vsaka svoja lastna pravna pravila za pogodbena obligacijska razmerja, se pri določanju, katero pravo se uporablja po tej konvenciji, vsaka od teh enot obravnavana kot država. 2. Država, v kateri imajo različne ozemeljske enote svoja lastna pravna pravila za pogodbena obligacijska razmerja, te konvencije ni dolžna uporabljati za kolizije med pravnimi redi teh enot. Ta konvencija ne vpliva na uporabo določb, ki v zvezi s posameznimi zadevami določajo pravila za izbiro prava za pogodbena obligacijska razmerja in ki jih vsebujejo ali jih bodo vsebovali bodisi akti institucij Evropskih skupnosti bodisi usklajeni nacionalni zakoni za izvajanje teh aktov. Ta konvencija ne posega v uporabo mednarodnih konvencij, katerih pogodbenica je ali bo postala katera koli pogodbenica te konvencije. 1. Vsaka pogodbenica si lahko v trenutku podpisa, ratifikacije, sprejetja ali odobritve pridrži pravico, da ne bo uporabljala: (a) določb člena 7(1); (b) določb člena 10(1)(e). 2. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko v uradnem obvestilu o razširitvi te konvencije v skladu s členom 27(2) poda enega ali več pridržkov, katerih učinek se nanaša na omejeno število ozemelj ali na vsa ozemlja, navedena v uradnem obvestilu o razširitvi. 3. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko podane pridržke kadar koli umakne; pridržki prenehajo učinkovati prvi dan tretjega meseca po uradnem obvestilu o umiku. 1. Če želi pogodbenica po datumu, na katerega je ta konvencija začela zanjo veljati, sprejeti kakršno koli novo pravilo o izbiri prava v zvezi s katero koli skupino pogodb s področja uporabe te konvencije, sporoči svoj namen drugim podpisnicam preko generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. 2. Vsaka podpisnica lahko v šestih mesecih po datumu sporočila generalnemu sekretarju od njega zahteva, da z namenom dosege dogovora med podpisnicami skliče posvetovanja. 3. Če v tem roku nobena podpisnica ne zahteva posvetovanj ali če v dveh letih po sporočilu generalnemu sekretarju s posvetovanji ni dosežen dogovor, lahko zadevna pogodbenica spremeni svojo zakonodajo, kot je navedla v sporočilu. Zadevna država preko generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evropskih skupnosti o sprejetih ukrepih obvesti druge podpisnice. 1. Če želi pogodbenica po datumu, na katerega je ta konvencija začela zanjo veljati, pristopiti k večstranski konvenciji, katere glavni cilj ali eden izmed glavnih ciljev je določiti pravila mednarodnega zasebnega prava v zvezi s katero koli zadevo, ki jo ureja ta konvencija, se uporabi postopek iz člena 23. Pri tem se rok dveh let iz odstavka 3 navedenega člena skrajša na eno leto. 2. Postopka iz prejšnjega odstavka ni treba uporabiti, če je pogodbenica ali katera od Evropskih skupnosti že pogodbenica te večstranske konvencije ali če je cilj te konvencije revizija konvencije, katere pogodbenica je zadevna država, ali v primeru konvencije, sklenjene v okviru Pogodb o ustanovitvi Evropskih skupnosti. Če pogodbenica meni, da sklenitev sporazumov, ki jih člen 24(1) ne zajema, ogroža poenotenje, doseženo s to konvencijo, lahko od generalnega sekretarja Evropskih skupnosti zahteva, da med podpisnicami te konvencije skliče posvetovanja. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko zahteva revizijo te konvencije. V tem primeru predsednik Sveta Evropskih skupnosti skliče konferenco za revizijo konvencije. 1. Ta konvencija se uporablja za evropska ozemlja pogodbenic, vključno z Grenlandijo, in za celotno ozemlje Francoske republike. 2. Ne glede na odstavek 1: (a) se ta konvencija ne uporablja za Ferske otoke, če Kraljevina Danska ne poda nasprotne izjave; (b) se ta konvencija ne uporablja za nobeno evropsko ozemlje izven Združenega kraljestva, kadar gre za mednarodne odnose, ki so v pristojnosti Združenega kraljestva, razen če Združeno kraljestvo ne poda nasprotne izjave v zvezi s katerim koli od teh ozemelj; (c) se ta konvencija uporablja za Nizozemske Antile, če Kraljevina Nizozemska to potrdi z izjavo. 3. Te izjave je mogoče podati kadar koli, in sicer z uradnim obvestilom, ki se pošlje generalnemu sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. 4. Postopki v Združenem kraljestvu, ki potekajo na podlagi pravnih sredstev zoper sodne odločbe sodišč enega od ozemelj iz točke (b) odstavka 2, se štejejo za postopke pred temi sodišči. 1. Ta konvencija je 19. junija 1980 na voljo za podpis pogodbenicam Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti. 2. Podpisnice to konvencijo ratificirajo, sprejmejo ali odobrijo. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. 1. Ta konvencija začne veljati prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju sedme listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi. 2. Ta konvencija začne veljati za posamezno državo podpisnico, ki konvencijo ratificira, sprejme ali odobri pozneje, prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju njene listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi. 1. Ta konvencija velja deset let od datuma začetka veljavnosti v skladu s členom 29(1), in sicer tudi za države, za katere začne veljati pozneje. 2. Če ni odpovedana, se veljavnost konvencije molče podaljšuje vsakih pet let. 3. Pogodbenica, ki želi odpovedati to konvencijo, o tem uradno obvesti generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evropskih skupnosti najmanj šest mesecev pred iztekom 10-letnega oziroma 5-letnega obdobja. Odpoved se lahko omeji na katero koli ozemlje, na katerega se je ta konvencija razširila z izjavo v skladu s členom 27(2). 4. Odpoved ima učinek le za državo, ki je poslala uradno obvestilo o odpovedi. Konvencija še naprej velja med vsemi drugimi pogodbenicami. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropskih skupnosti uradno obvesti pogodbenice Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti o: (a) podpisih; (b) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi; (c) datumu začetka veljavnosti te konvencije; (d) sporočilih, poslanih v skladu s členi 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 in 30; (e) pridržkih in umikih pridržkov iz člena 22. Protokol, ki je priložen tej konvenciji, je njen sestavni del. Ta konvencija, sestavljena v enem izvirniku v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, irskem, italijanskem in nizozemskem jeziku, pri čemer so besedila v vseh teh jezikih enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivu Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo te konvencije vladam vseh podpisnic. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to konvencijo. V Rimu, devetnajstega junija tisoč devetsto osemdeset Visoke pogodbenice so se dogovorile o naslednji določbi, ki se priloži h Konvenciji: Ne glede na določbe Konvencije lahko Danska ohrani določbe iz člena 169 Søloven (Zakona o pomorskem pravu) o uporabi prava v zadevah v zvezi s prevozom blaga po morju in lahko ta pravila spremeni, ne da bi uporabila postopek iz člena 23 Konvencije. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali ta protokol. V Rimu, devetnajstega junija tisoč devetsto osemdeset. Ob podpisu Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih so vlade Kraljevine Belgije, Kraljevine Danske, Zvezne republike Nemčije, Francoske republike, Irske, Italijanske republike, Velikega vojvodstva Luksemburg, Kraljevine Nizozemske ter Združenega kraljestva Velike Britanije in Severne Irske: I. v prizadevanju, da bi se v čim večji meri izognilo razpršenosti pravil o izbiri prava med številnimi pravnimi instrumenti in razlikam med temi pravili, izrazile željo, da naj si institucije Evropskih skupnosti pri izvrševanju svojih pooblastil v skladu s pogodbami, s katerimi so bile ustanovljene, prizadevajo, kadar je to potrebno, določiti pravila o izbiri prava, ki bodo čim bolj skladna s pravili te konvencije; II. izrazile svoj namen, da se bodo od datuma podpisa te konvencije do začetka njene veljavnosti v skladu s členom 24 med seboj posvetovale, če bi ena od podpisnic želela pristopiti h kateri koli konvenciji, za katero bi se uporabljal postopek iz člena 24; III. izrazile stališče, da bi morala glede na prispevek Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih k poenotenju pravil glede izbire prava v Evropskih skupnostih vsaka država, ki postane članica Evropskih skupnosti, pristopiti k tej konvenciji. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to skupno izjavo. V Rimu, devetnajstega junija tisoč devetsto osemdeset. Vlade Kraljevine Belgije, Kraljevine Danske, Zvezne republike Nemčije, Francoske republike, Irske, Italijanske republike, Velikega vojvodstva Luksemburg, Kraljevine Nizozemske ter Združenega kraljestva Velika Britanija in Severna Irska – ob podpisu Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih; v želji, da bi zagotovile, da se Konvencija uporablja čim bolj učinkovito; v želji preprečiti, da bi razlike pri razlagi Konvencije ogrožale njen učinek na poenotenje – izražajo svojo pripravljenost: 1. da preučijo možnosti prenosa pristojnosti za nekatere zadeve na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti in da se po potrebi pogajajo o sporazumu, ki bi uredil tak prenos pristojnosti; 2. da v rednih časovnih presledkih skličejo sestanke svojih predstavnikov. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to skupno izjavo. V Rimu, devetnajstega junija tisoč devetsto osemdeset. VISOKE POGODBENICE POGODBE O USTANOVITVI EVROPSKE GOSPODARSKE SKUPNOSTI – OB UPOŠTEVANJU Skupne izjave, ki je bila priložena h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu - SO Z NAMENOM skleniti Protokol o prenosu pristojnosti za razlago te konvencije na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti imenovale svoje pooblaščence: [pooblaščenci, ki so jih imenovale države članice], HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: Paul DE KEERSMAEKER State Secretary for European Affairs and Agriculture, Deputy to the Minister for External Relations HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK: Knud Erik TYGESEN State Secretary THE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: Irmgard ADAM-SCHWAETZER Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC: Théodoros PANGALOS Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN: Francisco FERNANDEZ ORDOÑEZ Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: Philippe LOUËT Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary THE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND: Brian LENIHAN Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: Gianni MANZOLINI State Secretary for Foreign Affairs HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG: Jacques POOS Vice-President of the Government, Minister for Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Cooperation, Minister for the Economy and the Middle Classes, Minister for the Treasury HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS: H. van den BROEK Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC: João de Deus PINHEIRO Minister for Foreign Affairs HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Lynda CHALKER Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs KI so se sestali v okviru Sveta Evropskih skupnosti in so se po izmenjavi pooblastil v pravilni in predpisani obliki DOGOVORILI O NASLEDNJEM: Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti je pristojno za odločanje o razlagi: (a) Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, v nadaljnjem besedilu „Rimska konvencija“; (b) konvencije o pristopu k Rimski konvenciji držav, ki postanejo države članice Evropskih skupnosti po datumu, ko je bila Konvencija na voljo za podpis; (c) tega protokola. Spodaj navedena sodišča lahko zaprosijo Sodišče za predhodno odločanje o vprašanju v zadevi, ki jo obravnava in ki se nanaša na razlago določb, ki jih vsebujejo instrumenti iz člena 1, če ta sodišča menijo, da je za izrek njihovih sodb potrebna odločitev o tem vprašanju: (a) – v Belgiji: „la Cour de cassation“ („het Hof van Cassatie“) in „le Conseil d’État“ („de Raad van State“), – na Danskem: „Højesteret“, – v Zvezni republiki Nemčiji: „die obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes“, – v Grčiji: „Τα ανώτατα Δικαστήρια“, – v Španiji: „el Tribunal Supremo“, – v Franciji: „la Cour de cassation“ in „le Conseil d’État“, – na Irskem: „the Supreme Court“, – v Italiji: „la Corte suprema di cassazione“ in „il Consiglio di Stato“, – v Luksemburgu: „la Cour Supérieure de Justice“, kadar zaseda kot „Cour de cassation“, – na Nizozemskem: „de Hoge Raad“, – na Portugalskem: „o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça“ in „o Supremo Tribunal Administrativo“, – v Združenem kraljestvu: „the House of Lords“ in druga sodišča, zoper odločbe katerih ni možno nadaljnje pravno sredstvo; (b) sodišča pogodbenic, ko odločajo kot pritožbena sodišča. 1. Pristojni organ pogodbenice lahko zaprosi Sodišče za odločanje o vprašanju glede razlage določb, ki jih vsebujejo instrumenti iz člena 1, če so sodbe sodišč te države v nasprotju z razlago Sodišča ali sodbo enega od sodišč druge pogodbenice iz člena 2. Določbe tega odstavka se uporabljajo samo za sodbe, ki so postale pravnomočne. 2. Razlaga Sodišča na podlagi takih zaprosil ne vpliva na sodbe, zaradi katerih je bilo vloženo zaprosilo za razlago. 3. Državni pravobranilci pri vrhovnih sodiščih pogodbenic ali drug organ, ki ga imenuje pogodbenica, ima pravico zaprositi Sodišče, da odloča o razlagi v skladu z odstavkom 1. 4. Sodni tajnik Sodišča o zaprosilu obvesti pogodbenice, Komisijo in Svet Evropskih skupnosti, ki imajo pravico v dveh mesecih po obvestilu Sodišču predložiti zaznamke ali pisne ugotovitve. 5. Za postopke iz tega člena se ne zaračunajo ali priznajo nobeni stroški. 1. Razen če ta protokol ne določa drugače, se določbe Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti in Protokola o Statutu Sodišča, priloženega k Pogodbi, ki se uporabljajo, kadar se Sodišče zaprosi za predhodno odločanje, uporabljajo tudi za postopke za razlago instrumentov iz člena 1. 2. Poslovnik Sodišča se po potrebi prilagodi in dopolni v skladu s členom 188 Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti. Ta protokol podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. 1. Ta protokol začne veljati, ko ga ratificira sedem držav, za katere velja Rimska konvencija. Ta protokol začne veljati prvi dan tretjega meseca po tem, ko listino o ratifikaciji deponira zadnja država izmed sedmih držav. Če pa Drugi protokol o prenosu določenih pristojnosti za razlago Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti, sklenjen v Bruslju dne 19. decembra 1988, začne veljati pozneje, ta protokol začne veljati na datum začetka veljavnosti Drugega protokola. 2. Vsaka ratifikacija po začetku veljavnosti tega protokola začne veljati prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, pod pogojem, da je za zadevno državo ratifikacija, sprejetje ali odobritev Rimske konvencije že začela učinkovati. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropskih skupnosti uradno obvesti podpisnice o: (a) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikaciji; (b) datumu začetka veljavnosti tega protokola; (c) imenovanjih iz člena 3(3); (d) sporočilih v skladu s členom 8. Pogodbenice sporočijo generalnemu sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti besedila vseh določb njihove zakonodaje, ki zahtevajo spremembo seznama sodišč iz člena 2(a). Ta protokol učinkuje, dokler velja Rimska konvencija pod pogoji iz člena 30 navedene konvencije. Vsaka pogodbenica lahko zahteva revizijo tega protokola. V tem primeru predsednik Sveta Evropskih skupnosti skliče konferenco za revizijo protokola. Ta protokol, sestavljen v enem izvirniku v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem, nizozemskem, portugalskem in španskem jeziku, pri čemer so besedila v vseh teh jezikih enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivu Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo vladam vseh podpisnic. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali ta protokol. V Bruslju, devetnajstega decembra tisoč devetsto oseminosemdeset Vlade Kraljevine Belgije, Kraljevine Danske, Zvezne republike Nemčije, Helenske republike, Kraljevine Španije, Francoske republike, Irske, Italijanske republike, Velikega vojvodstva Luksemburg, Kraljevine Nizozemske, Portugalske republike ter Združenega kraljestva Velike Britanije in Severne Irske - ob podpisu Prvega protokola o razlagi Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, s strani Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti; v želji, da bi zagotovile, da se Konvencija uporablja čim bolj učinkovito in enotno - izražajo svojo pripravljenost organizirati v sodelovanju s Sodiščem Evropskih skupnosti izmenjavo informacij o sodbah, ki so postale pravnomočne in so jih v skladu s Konvencijo o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih izrekla sodišča iz člena 2 omenjenega protokola. Izmenjava informacij bo obsegala: – pošiljanje sodb, ki so jih izrekla sodišča iz člena 2(a), in pomembnejših sodb, ki so jih izrekla sodišča iz točke člena 2(b), s strani nacionalnih organov Sodišču, – razvrščanje in dokumentarno uporabo teh sodb s strani Sodišča, kar po potrebi pomeni tudi pripravo povzetkov in prevodov ter objavo posebej pomembnih sodb, – posredovanje dokumentarnega gradiva s strani Sodišča nacionalnim organom pogodbenic Protokola, Komisiji in Svetu Evropskih skupnosti. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to skupno izjavo. V Bruslju, devetnajstega decembra tisoč devetsto oseminosemdeset Vlade Kraljevine Belgije, Kraljevine Danske, Zvezne republike Nemčije, Helenske republike, Kraljevine Španije, Francoske republike, Irske, Italijanske republike, Velikega vojvodstva Luksemburg, Kraljevine Nizozemske, Portugalske republike ter Združenega kraljestva Velike Britanije in Severne Irske – ob podpisu Prvega protokola o razlagi Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, s strani Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti; ob upoštevanju Skupne izjave, ki je priložena h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih; v želji, da bi zagotovile, da se Konvencija uporablja čim bolj učinkovito in enotno; v želji preprečiti, da bi razlike pri razlagi Konvencije ogrožale njen učinek na poenotenje - izražajo stališče, da mora vsaka država, ki postane članica Evropskih skupnosti, pristopiti k temu protokolu. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to skupno izjavo. V Bruslju, devetnajstega decembra tisoč devetsto oseminosemdeset VISOKE POGODBENICE POGODBE O USTANOVITVI EVROPSKE GOSPODARSKE SKUPNOSTI – KER bo Konvencija o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, v nadaljnjem besedilu „Rimska konvencija“, začela veljati po deponiranju sedme listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi; KER enotna uporaba pravil, določenih v Rimski konvenciji, zahteva, da se vzpostavi mehanizem za zagotavljanje enotne razlage, in ker je v ta namen treba na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti prenesti določene pristojnosti še preden začne Rimska konvencija veljati za vse države članice Evropske gospodarske skupnosti - SO Z NAMENOM skleniti ta protokol imenovale svoje pooblaščence: [pooblaščenci, ki so jih imenovale države članice], HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: Paul DE KEERSMAEKER State Secretary for European Affairs and Agriculture, Deputy to the Minister for External Relations HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK: Knud Erik TYGESEN State Secretary THE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: Irmgard ADAM-SCHWAETZER Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC: Théodoros PANGALOS Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN: Francisco FERNANDEZ ORDOÑEZ Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: Philippe LOUËT Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary THE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND: Brian LENIHAN Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: Gianni MANZOLINI State Secretary for Foreign Affairs HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG: Jacques POOS Vice-President of the Government, Minister for Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Cooperation, Minister for the Economy and the Middle Classes, Minister for the Treasury HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS: H. van den BROEK Minister for Foreign Affairs THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC: João de Deus PINHEIRO Minister for Foreign Affairs HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND: Lynda CHALKER Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs KI so se sestali v okviru Sveta Evropskih skupnosti in so se po izmenjavi pooblastil v pravilni in predpisani obliki DOGOVORILI O NASLEDNJEM: 1. Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti ima v zvezi z Rimsko konvencijo pristojnost, ki je bila nanj prenesena s Prvim protokolom o razlagi Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, s strani Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti, sklenjenim v Bruslju 19. decembra 1988. Uporabljata se Protokol o Statutu Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti in Poslovnik Sodišča. 2. Poslovnik Sodišča se po potrebi prilagodi in dopolni v skladu s členom 188 Pogodbe o ustanovitvi Evropske gospodarske skupnosti. Ta protokol podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Ta protokol začne veljati prvi dan tretjega meseca po tem, ko listino o ratifikaciji deponira zadnja podpisnica, ki izpolni to formalnost. Ta protokol, sestavljen v enem izvirniku v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem, nizozemskem, portugalskem in španskem jeziku, pri čemer so besedila v vseh desetih jezikih enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivu Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo vladam vseh podpisnic. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali ta protokol. V Bruslju, devetnajstega decembra tisoč devetsto oseminosemdeset THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, CONSIDERING that the Hellenic Republic, in becoming a Member of the Community, undertook to accede to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, HAVE DECIDED to conclude this Convention, and to this end have designated as their plenipotentiaries: HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: Paul de KEERSMAEKER State Secretary for European Affairs and Agriculture, Deputy to the Minister for External Affairs HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK: Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN Minister for Foreign Affairs of Denmark THE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: Hans-Werner LAUTENSCHLAGER Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC: Theodoros PANGALOS Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the Hellenic Republic THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: Roland DUMAS Minister for European Affairs of the French Republic THE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND: Peter BARRY Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ireland THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: Giulio ANDREOTTI Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Italian Republic HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG: Colette FLESCH Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS: W.F. van EEKELEN Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands H.J. Ch. RUTTEN Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of the Netherlands HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND: The Right Honourable Sir Geoffrey HOWE Q.C., M.P. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs WHO, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: The Hellenic Republic hereby accedes to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall transmit a certified copy of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish and Italian languages to the Government of the Hellenic Republic. The text of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations in the Greek language is annexed hereto. The text in the Greek language shall be authentic under the same conditions as the other texts of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. This Convention shall be ratified by the Signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. This Convention shall enter into force, as between the States which have ratified it, on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the last instrument of ratification by the Hellenic Republic and seven States which have ratified the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. This Convention shall enter into force for each Contracting State which subsequently ratifies it on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the Signatory States of: (a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification; (b) the dates of entry into force of this Convention for the Contracting States. This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish and Italian languages, all eight texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each Signatory State. In witness whereof the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto, have hereunto set their hands. Done at Luxembourg, on the tenth day of April in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-four. VISOKE POGODBENICE POGODBE O USTANOVITVI EVROPSKE GOSPODARSKE SKUPNOSTI SO SE - GLEDE NA TO, da se je s pristopom k Skupnosti Helenska republika zavezala, da bo pristopila h Konvenciji o UPORABI PRAVA V POGODBENIH OBLIGACIJSKIH RAZMERJIH, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu - ODLOČILE skleniti to Konvencijo in so v ta namen imenovale svoje pooblaščence: ZA NJEGOVO VELIČANSTVO KRALJA BELGIJCEV: Paul DE KEERSMAEKER, državni sekretar za evropske zadeve in kmetijstvo, namestnik ministra za zunanje zadeve ZA NJENO VELIČANSTVO KRALJICO DANSKE: Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN, minister za zunanje zadeve Danske ZA PREDSEDNIKA ZVEZNE REPUBLIKE NEMČIJE: Hans-Werner LAUTENSCHLAGER, minister za zunanje zadeve Zvezne republike Nemčije ZA PREDSEDNIKA HELENSKE REPUBLIKE: Theodoros PANGALOS, državni sekretar za zunanje zadeve Helenske republike ZA PREDSEDNIKA FRANCOSKE REPUBLIKE: Roland DUMAS, minister za evropske zadeve Francoske republike ZA PREDSEDNIKA IRSKE: Peter BARRY, minister za zunanje zadeve Irske ZA PREDSEDNIKA ITALIJANSKE REPUBLIKE: Giulio ANDREOTTI, minister za zunanje zadeve Italijanske republike ZA NJEGOVO KRALJEVO VISOKOST VELIKEGA VOJVODO LUKSEMBURŠKEGA: Colette FLESCH, ministrica za zunanje zadeve Vlade Velikega vojvodstva Luksemburg ZA NJENO VELIČANSTVO KRALJICO NIZOZEMSKE: W. F. van EEKELEN, državni sekretar za zunanje zadeve Nizozemske H. J. Ch. RUTTEN, izredni in pooblaščeni veleposlanik, stalni predstavnik Nizozemske ZA NJENO VELIČANSTVO KRALJICO ZDRUŽENEGA KRALJESTVA VELIKA BRITANIJA IN SEVERNA IRSKA: Visoko cenjeni sir Geoffrey HOWE QC, MP, državni sekretar za zunanje zadeve in zadeve Commonwealtha, KI so se sestali v okviru Sveta in so se po izmenjavi pooblastil v pravilni in predpisani obliki DOGOVORILI O NASLEDNJEM: Helenska republika pristopi h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropskih skupnosti pošlje vladi Helenske republike overjeno kopijo Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem in nizozemskem jeziku. Besedilo Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih v grškem jeziku je priloženo tej konvenciji. Besedilo v grškem jeziku je verodostojno pod enakimi pogoji kakor druga besedila Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih. To konvencijo podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Ta konvencija začne veljati med državami, ki so jo ratificirale, prvi dan tretjega meseca po tem, ko so Helenska republika in sedem držav, ki so ratificirale Konvencijo o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, deponirale zadnjo listino o ratifikaciji. Ta konvencija začne veljati za vsako pogodbenico, ki jo naknadno ratificira, prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju njene listine o ratifikaciji. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropskih skupnosti uradno obvesti podpisnice o: (a) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikaciji; (b) datumih začetka veljavnosti te konvencije za pogodbenice. Ta konvencija, sestavljena v enem izvirniku v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem in nizozemskem jeziku, pri čemer so besedila v vseh osmih jezikih enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivu Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo vladam vseh podpisnic. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to konvencijo. V Luxembourgu, desetega aprila tisoč devetsto štiriinosemdeset. THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, CONSIDERING that the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic, in becoming Members of the Community, undertook to accede to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, HAVE DECIDED to conclude this Convention, and to this end have designated as their plenipotentiaries: HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS: Melchior WATHELET, Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Justice and Economic Affairs HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF DENMARK: Michael BENDIK, Minister for Justice THE PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: Wolfgang HEYDE, Ministerial Director in the Federal Ministry for Justice THE PRESIDENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC: Michalis PAPACONSTANTINOU, Minister for Justice HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SPAIN: Tomás DE LA QUADRA-SALCEDO Y FERNÁNDEZ DEL CASTILLO, Minister for Justice THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: Michel VAUZELLE, Keeper of the Seals, Minister for Justice THE PRESIDENT OF IRELAND: Pádraig FLYNN, Minister for Justice THE PRESIDENT OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC: Giovanni BATTISTINI, Ambassador in Lisbon HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND DUKE OF LUXEMBOURG: Charles ELSEN, First Councillor of the Government HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE NETHERLANDS: E. M. H. HIRSCH BALLIN, Minister for Justice THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC: Álvaro José BRILHANTE LABORINHO LÚCIO, Minister for Justice HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND: John Mark TAYLOR, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Lord Chancellor's Department WHO, meeting within the Council, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: The Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic hereby accede to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980. The Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations is hereby amended as follows: 1. Article 22 (2), Article 27 and the second sentence of Article 30

(3)shall be deleted; 2. the following shall be substituted for Article 31 (d): '(d) communications made in pursuance of Articles 23, 24, 25, 26 and 30`. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall transmit a certified copy of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish and Italian languages to the Governments of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic. The text of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations in the Portuguese and Spanish languages is set out in Annexes I and II to this Convention. The texts drawn up in the Portuguese and Spanish languages shall be authentic under the same conditions as the other texts of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. This Convention shall be ratified by the Signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. This Convention shall enter into force, as between the States which have ratified it, on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the last instrument of ratification by the Kingdom of Spain or the Portuguese Republic and by one State which has ratified the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. This Convention shall enter into force for each Contracting State which subsequently ratifies it on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the signatory States of: (a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification (b) the dates of entry into force of this Convention for the Contracting States. This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish languages, all texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each Signatory State. In witness whereof the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention. Done at Funchal on the eighteenth day of May in the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty-two. VISOKE POGODBENICE POGODBE O USTANOVITVI EVROPSKE GOSPODARSKE SKUPNOSTI SO SE - GLEDE NA TO, da sta se s pristopom k Skupnosti Kraljevina Španija in Portugalska republika zavezali, da bosta pristopili h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu - ODLOČILE skleniti to konvencijo in so v ta namen imenovale svoje pooblaščence: ZA NJEGOVO VELIČANSTVO KRALJA BELGIJCEV: Melchior WATHELET, podpredsednik vlade, minister za pravosodje in za gospodarstvo ZA NJENO VELIČANSTVO KRALJICO DANSKE: Michael BENDIK, minister za pravosodje ZA PREDSEDNIKA ZVEZNE REPUBLIKE NEMČIJE: Wolfgang HEYDE, ministrski direktor na Zveznem ministrstvu za pravosodje ZA PREDSEDNIKA HELENSKE REPUBLIKE: Michalis PAPACONSTANTINOU, minister za pravosodje ZA NJEGOVO VELIČANSTVO KRALJA ŠPANIJE: Tomás DE LA QUADRA-SALCEDO y Fernández DEL CASTILLO, minister za pravosodje ZA PREDSEDNIKA FRANCOSKE REPUBLIKE: Michel VAUZELLE, minister za pravosodje ZA PREDSEDNIKA IRSKE: Pádraig FLYNN, minister za pravosodje ZA PREDSEDNIKA ITALIJANSKE REPUBLIKE: Giovanni BATTISTINI, veleposlanik v Lizboni ZA NJEGOVO KRALJEVO VISOKOST VELIKEGA VOJVODO LUKSEMBURŠKEGA: Charles ELSEN, prvi svetovalec vlade ZA NJENO VELIČANSTVO KRALJICO NIZOZEMSKE: E. M. H. HIRSCH BALLIN, minister za pravosodje ZA PREDSEDNIKA PORTUGALSKE REPUBLIKE: Álvaro José BRILHANTE LABORINHO LÚCIO, minister za pravosodje ZA NJENO VELIČANSTVO KRALJICO ZDRUŽENEGA KRALJESTVA VELIKA BRITANIJA IN SEVERNA IRSKA: John Mark TAYLOR, parlamentarni državni podsekretar na Ministrstvu lorda kanclerja, KI so se sestali v okviru Sveta in so se po izmenjavi pooblastil v pravilni in predpisani obliki DOGOVORILI O NASLEDNJEM: Kraljevina Španija in Portugalska republika pristopita h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu. Konvencija o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih se spremeni: 1. člena 22(2), 27 in drugi stavek člena 30(3) se črtajo; 2. člen 31(d) se nadomesti z naslednjim: „(d) sporočilih, poslanih v skladu s členi 23, 24, 25, 26 in 30“. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropskih skupnosti pošlje vladama Kraljevine Španije in Portugalske republike overjeno kopijo Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem in nizozemskem jeziku. Besedili Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih v portugalskem in španskem jeziku se nahajata v prilogah I in II k tej konvenciji. Besedili v portugalskem in španskem jeziku sta verodostojni pod enakimi pogoji kakor druga besedila Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih. To konvencijo podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Ta konvencija začne veljati med državami, ki so jo ratificirale, prvi dan tretjega meseca po tem, ko sta Kraljevina Španija ali Portugalska republika in ena država, ki je ratificirala Konvencijo o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, deponirali zadnjo listino o ratifikaciji. Ta konvencija začne veljati za vsako pogodbenico, ki jo naknadno ratificira, prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju njene listine o ratifikaciji. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropskih skupnosti uradno obvesti podpisnice o: (a) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikaciji; (b) datumih začetka veljavnosti te konvencije za pogodbenice. Ta konvencija, sestavljena v enem izvirniku v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem, nizozemskem, portugalskem in španskem jeziku, pri čemer so vsa besedila enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivih Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropskih skupnosti. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo vladam vseh podpisnic. V potrditev tega so spodaj podpisani pooblaščenci podpisali to konvencijo. V Funchalu, osemnajstega maja tisoč devetsto dvaindevetdeset. THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, CONSIDERING that the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden, in becoming Members of the European Union, undertook to accede to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols on its interpretation by the Court of Justice, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: The Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden hereby accede to: (a) the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980, hereinafter referred to as 'the Convention of 1980`, as it stands following incorporation of all the adjustments and amendments made thereto by: – the Convention signed in Luxembourg on 10 April 1984, hereinafter referred to as 'the Convention of 1984`, on the accession of the Hellenic Republic to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations, – the Convention signed in Funchal on 18 May 1992, hereinafter referred to as 'the Convention of 1992`, on the accession of the Kingdom of Spain and the Portuguese Republic to the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations; (b) the First Protocol, signed on 19 December 1988, hereinafter referred to as 'the First Protocol of 1988`, on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Communities of the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations; (c) the Second Protocol, signed on 19 December 1988, hereinafter referred to as 'the Second Protocol of 1988`, conferring on the Court of Justice of the European Communities certain powers to interpret the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. The Protocol annexed to the Convention of 1980 is hereby replaced by the following: 'Notwithstanding the provisions of the Convention, Denmark, Sweden and Finland may retain national provisions concerning the law applicable to questions relating to the carriage of goods by sea and may amend such provisions without following the procedure provided for in Article 23 of the Convention of Rome. The national provisions applicable in this respect are the following: – in Denmark, paragraphs 252 and 321

(3)and

(4)of the »Søelov« (maritime law), – in Sweden, Chapter 13, Article 2

(1)and (2), and Chapter 14, Article 1 (3), of »sjölagen« (maritime law), – in Finland, Chapter 13, Article 2

(1)and (2), and Chapter 14, Article 1 (3), of »merilaki«/«sjölagen« (maritime law).` The following indents shall be inserted in Article 2 (a) of the First Protocol of 1988: (a) between the tenth and eleventh indents: „– in Austria: ‚Oberste Gerichtshof’, ‚Verwaltungsgerichtshof’ and ‚Verfassungsgerichtshof’“; (b) between the eleventh and twelfth indents: „– in Finland: ‚korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen’, ‚korkein hallinto-oikeus/högsta förvaltningsdomstolen’, ‚markkinatuomioistuin/marknadsdomstolen’ and ‚työtuomioistuin/arbetsdomstolen’“; „– in Sweden: ‚Högsta domstolen’, ‚Regeringsrätten’, ‚Arbetsdomstolen’ and ‚Marknadsdomstolen’“. 1. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union shall transmit a certified copy of the Convention of 1980, the Convention of 1984, the First Protocol of 1988, the Second Protocol of 1988 and the Convention of 1992 in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese languages to the Governments of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden. 2. The text of the Convention of 1980, the Convention of 1984, the First Protocol of 1988, the Second Protocol of 1988 and the Convention of 1992 in the Finnish and Swedish languages shall be authentic under the same conditions as the other texts of the Convention of 1980, the Convention of 1984, the First Protocol of 1988, the Second Protocol of 1988 and the Convention of 1992. This Convention shall be ratified by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union. 1. This Convention shall enter into force, as between the States which have ratified it, on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the last instrument of ratification by the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland or the Kingdom of Sweden and by one Contracting State which has ratified the Convention on the Law applicable to Contractual Obligations. 2. This Convention shall enter into force for each Contracting State which subsequently ratifies it on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification. The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union shall notify the signatory States of: (a) the deposit of each instrument of ratification; (b) the dates of entry into force of this Convention for the Contracting States. This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Irish, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish languages, all 12 texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy to the Government of each signatory State. Done at Brussels on the twenty-ninth day of November in the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-six. The High Contracting Parties having examined the terms of the Protocol annexed to the Convention of Rome of 1980, as amended by the Convention of Accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the Convention of 1980, and to the First and Second Protocols of 1988, take note that Denmark, Sweden and Finland state their readiness to examine the extent to which they will be able to ensure that any future amendment concerning their national law applicable to questions relating to the carriage of goods by sea complies with the procedure provided for in Article 23 of the Convention of Rome of 1980. VISOKE POGODBENICE POGODBE O USTANOVITVI EVROPSKE SKUPNOSTI SO SE – GLEDE NA TO, da so se s pristopom k Evropski uniji Republika Avstrija, Republika Finska in Kraljevina Švedska zavezale, da bodo pristopile h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, ter k Prvemu in Drugemu protokolu o razlagi te konvencije s strani Sodišča - DOGOVORILE O NASLEDNJEM: Republika Avstrija, Republika Finska in Kraljevina Švedska pristopajo: (a) h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, na voljo za podpis 19. junija 1980 v Rimu, v nadaljevanju „Konvencija iz leta 1980“, kakršna je po vključitvi vseh prilagoditev in sprememb iz: – Konvencije, podpisane dne 10. aprila 1984 v Luxembourgu, v nadaljevanju „Konvencija iz leta 1984“, o pristopu Helenske republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, – Konvencije, podpisane dne 18. maja 1992 v Funchalu, v nadaljevanju „Konvencija iz leta 1992“, o pristopu Kraljevine Španije in Portugalske republike h Konvenciji o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih; (b) k Prvemu protokolu, podpisanemu dne 19. decembra 1988, v nadaljevanju „Prvi protokol iz leta 1988“, o razlagi Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih s strani Sodišča Evropskih skupnosti; (c) k Drugemu protokolu, podpisanemu dne 19. decembra 1988, v nadaljevanju „Drugi protokol iz leta 1988“, o prenosu določenih pristojnosti za razlago Konvencije o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih na Sodišče Evropskih skupnosti. Protokol, priložen h Konvenciji iz leta 1980, se nadomesti z naslednjim: „Ne glede na določbe Konvencije lahko Danska, Švedska in Finska ohranijo nacionalne predpise o uporabi prava v zadevah v zvezi s prevozom blaga po morju in lahko te predpise spremenijo, ne da bi uporabile postopek iz člena 23 Rimske konvencije. Gre za naslednje nacionalne predpise: – na Danskem: člena 252 ter 321(3) in

(4)‚Sølov’ (pomorskega zakona), – na Švedskem: člen 2(1) in

(2)poglavja 13 ter člen 1(3) poglavja 14 ‚sjölagen’ (pomorskega zakona), – na Finskem: člen 2(1) in

(2)poglavja 13 ter člen 1(3) poglavja 14, ‚merilaki’/‚sjölagen’ (pomorskega zakona).“ V člen 2(a) Prvega protokola iz leta 1988 se vstavijo naslednje alinee: (a) med deseto in enajsto alineo: „– v Avstriji: ‚Oberste Gerichtshof’, ‚Verwaltungsgerichtshof’ in ‚Verfassungsgerichtshof’“; (b) med enajsto in dvanajsto alineo: „– na Finskem: ‚korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen’, ‚korkein hallinto-oikeus/högsta förvaltningsdomstolen’, ‚markkinatuomioistuin/marknadsdomstolen’ in ‚työtuomioistuin/arbetsdomstolen’“; „– na Švedskem: ‚Högsta domstolen’, ‚Regeringsrätten’, ‚Arbetsdomstolen’ in ‚Marknadsdomstolen’“. 1. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropske unije pošlje vladam Republike Avstrije, Republike Finske in Kraljevine Švedske overjeno kopijo Konvencije iz leta 1980, Konvencije iz leta 1984, Prvega protokola iz leta 1988, Drugega protokola iz leta 1988 in Konvencije iz leta 1992 v angleškem, danskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem, nizozemskem, portugalskem in španskem jeziku. 2. Besedilo Konvencije iz leta 1980, Konvencije iz leta 1984, Prvega protokola iz leta 1988, Drugega protokola iz leta 1988 in Konvencije iz leta 1992 v finskem in švedskem jeziku je verodostojno pod enakimi pogoji kakor druga besedila Konvencije iz leta 1980, Konvencije iz leta 1984, Prvega protokola iz leta 1988, Drugega protokola iz leta 1988 in Konvencije iz leta 1992. To konvencijo podpisnice ratificirajo. Listine o ratifikaciji se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evropske unije. 1. Ta konvencija začne veljati med državami, ki so jo ratificirale, prvi dan tretjega meseca po tem, ko sta Republika Avstrija, Republika Finska ali Kraljevina Švedska ter ena pogodbenica, ki je ratificirala Konvencijo o uporabi prava v pogodbenih obligacijskih razmerjih, deponirali zadnjo listino o ratifikaciji. 2. Ta konvencija začne veljati za vsako pogodbenico, ki jo naknadno ratificira, prvi dan tretjega meseca po deponiranju njene listine o ratifikaciji. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evropske unije uradno obvesti podpisnice o: (a) deponiranju vsake listine o ratifikaciji; (b) datumih začetka veljavnosti te konvencije za pogodbenice. Ta konvencija, sestavljena v enem izvirniku v angleškem, danskem, finskem, francoskem, grškem, irskem, italijanskem, nemškem, nizozemskem, portugalskem, španskem in švedskem jeziku, pri čemer so besedila v vseh dvanajstih jezikih enako verodostojna, se deponira v arhivu Generalnega sekretariata Sveta Evropske unije. Generalni sekretar pošlje overjeno kopijo vladam vseh podpisnic. V Bruslju, devetindvajsetega novembra tisoč devetsto šestindevetdeset. Visoke pogodbenice se, po preučitvi besedila Protokola, ki je priložen k Rimski konvenciji iz leta 1980, kakor je bila spremenjena s Konvencijo o pristopu Republike Avstrije, Republike Finske in Kraljevine Švedske h Konvenciji iz leta 1980 ter k Prvemu in Drugemu protokolu iz leta 1988, seznanjajo s pripravljenostjo Danske, Švedske in Finske, da preučijo, v kolikšnem obsegu bodo lahko zagotavljale skladnost vsakršne bodoče spremembe njihovega nacionalnega prava v zadevah v zvezi s prevozom blaga po morju s postopkom iz člena 23 Rimske konvencije iz leta 1980.