Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije o prepovedi vojaškega ali vsakega drugega sovražnega delovanja, ki povzroča spremembe okolja (MKPSO)

Ratificira se Konvencija o prepovedi vojaškega ali vsakega drugega sovražnega delovanja, ki povzroča spremembe okolja, ki je bila na voljo za podpis 18. maja 1977 v Ženevi.

Besedilo konvencije se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku ter v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: The States Parties to this Convention, Guided by the interest of consolidating peace, and wishing to contribute to the cause of halting the arms race, and of bringing about general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, and of saving mankind from the danger of using new means of warfare, Determined to continue negotiations with a view to achieving effective progress toward further measures in the field of disarmament, Recognizing that scientific and technical advances may open new possibilities with respect to modification of the environment, Recalling the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, adopted at Stockholm on 16 June 1972, Realizing that the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes could improve the interrelationship of man and nature and contribute to the preservation and improvement of the environment for the benefit of present and future generations, Recognizing, however, that military or any other hostile use of such techniques could have effects extremely harmful to human welfare, Desiring to prohibit effectively military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to eliminate the dangers to mankind from such use, and affirming their willingness to work towards the achievement of this objective, Desiring also to contribute to the strengthening of trust among nations and to the further improvement of the international situation in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Have agreed as follows: 1. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party. 2. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to assist, encourage or induce any State, group of States or international organization to engage in activities contrary to the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article. As used in article I, the term "environmental modification techniques" refers to any technique for changing – through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes – the dynamics, composition or structure of the Earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space. 1. The provisions of this Convention shall not hinder the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes and shall be without prejudice to the generally recognized principles and applicable rules of international law concerning such use. 2. The States Parties to this Convention undertake to facilitate, and have the right to participate in, the fullest possible exchange of scientific and technological information on the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes. States Parties in a position to do so shall contribute, alone or together with other States or international organizations, to international economic and scientific co-operation in the preservation, improvement and peaceful utilization of the environment, with due consideration for the needs of the developing areas of the world. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to take any measures it considers necessary in accordance with its constitutional processes to prohibit and prevent any activity in violation of the provisions of the Convention anywhere under its jurisdiction or control. 1. The States Parties to this Convention undertake to consult one another and to co-operate in solving any problems which may arise in relation to the objectives of, or in the application of the provisions of, the Convention. Consultation and co-operation pursuant to this article may also be undertaken through appropriate international procedures within the framework of the United Nations and in accordance with its Charter. These international procedures may include the services of appropriate international organizations, as well as of a Consultative Committee of Experts as provided for in paragraph 2 of this article. 2. For the purposes set forth in paragraph 1 of this article, the Depositary shall, within one month of the receipt of a request from any State Party to this Convention, convene a Consultative Committee of Experts. Any State Party may appoint an expert to the Committee whose functions and rules of procedure are set out in the annex, which constitutes an integral part of this Convention. The Committee shall transmit to the Depositary a summary of its findings of fact, incorporating all views and information presented to the Committee during its proceedings, The Depositary shall distribute the summary to all States Parties. 3. Any State Party to this Convention which has reason to believe that any other State Party is acting in breach of obligations deriving from the provisions of the Convention may lodge a complaint with the Security Council of the United Nations. Such a complaint should include all relevant information as well as all possible evidence supporting its validity. 4. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to co-operate in carrying out any investigation which the Security Council may initiate, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, on the basis of the complaint received by the Council. The Security Council shall inform the States Parties of the results of the investigation. 5. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to provide or support assistance, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, to any State Party which so requests, if the Security Council decides that such party has been harmed or is likely to be harmed as a result of violation of the Convention. 1. Any State Party to this Convention may propose amendments to the Convention. The text of any proposed amendment shall be submitted to the Depositary, who shall promptly circulate it to all States Parties. 2. An amendment shall enter into force for all States Parties to this Convention which have accepted it, upon the deposit with the Depositary of instruments of acceptance by a majority of States Parties. Thereafter it shall enter into force for any remaining State Party on the date of deposit of its instrument of acceptance. This Convention shall be of unlimited duration. 1. Five years after the entry into force of this Convention, a conference of the States Parties to the Convention shall be convened by the Depositary at Geneva, Switzerland. The conference shall review the operation of the Convention with a view to ensuring that its purposes and provisions are being realized, and shall in particular examine the effectiveness of the provisions of paragraph 1 of article I in eliminating the dangers of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques. 2. At intervals of not less than five years thereafter, a majority of the States Parties to this Convention may obtain, by submitting a proposal to this effect to the Depositary, the convening of a conference with the same objectives. 3. If no conference has been convened pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article within ten years following the conclusion of a previous conference, the Depositary shall solicit the views of all States Parties to this Convention concerning the convening of such a conference. If one third or ten of the States Parties, whichever number is less, respond affirmatively, the Depositary shall take immediate steps to convene the conference. 1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. This Convention shall enter into force upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty Governments of accordance with paragraph 2 of this article. 4. For those States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. 5. The Depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention and of any amendments thereto, as well as the receipt of other notices. 6. This Convention shall be registered by the Depositary in accordance with Aricle 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. This Convention, of which the English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send duly certified copies thereof to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention, opened for signature at Geneva on the eighteenth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven. 1. The Consultative Committee of Experts shall undertake to make appropriate findings of fact and provide expert views relevant to any problem raised pursuant to paragraph 1 of article V of this Convention by the State Party requesting the convening of the Committee. 2. The work of the Consultative Committee of Experts shall be organized in such a way as to permit it to perform the functions set forth in paragraph 1 of this annex. The Committee shall decide procedural questions relative to the organization of its work, where possible by consensus, but otherwise by a majority of those present and voting. There shall be no voting on matters of substance. 3. The Depositary or his representative shall serve as the Chairman of the Committee. 4. Each expert may be assisted at meetings by one or more advisers. 5. Each expert shall have the right, through the Chairman, to request from States, and from international organizations, such information and assistance as the expert considers desirable for the accomplishment of the Committee's work. Države pogodbenice te konvencije so se, ker se zavzemajo za utrditev miru in v želji, da bi prispevale k ustavitvi oboroževalne tekme in doseganju splošne in popolne razorožitve pod strogim in učinkovitim mednarodnim nadzorom ter obvarovanju človeštva pred nevarnostjo uporabe novih sredstev vojskovanja, odločene nadaljevati pogajanja, da bi dosegle dejanski napredek pri nadaljnjih ukrepih razoroževanja, ker priznavajo, da lahko da znanstveni in tehnološki napredek nove možnosti za spreminjanje okolja, ob sklicevanju na Deklaracijo Konference Združenih narodov o človekovem okolju, sprejeto 16. junija 1972 v Stockholmu, ker spoznavajo, da bi lahko miroljubno delovanje, ki povzroča spremembe okolja, izboljšalo odnos med človekom in naravo ter prispevalo k ohranjanju in izboljšanju okolja v dobro sedanje in prihodnjih generacij, ker priznavajo, da bi lahko vojaško ali vsako drugo sovražno delovanje po drugi strani izredno škodovalo blaginji ljudi, v želji po učinkoviti prepovedi vojaškega ali vsakega drugega sovražnega delovanja, ki povzroča spremembe okolja, da se odpravi nevarnost takega delovanja za človeštvo, in ker potrjujejo svojo pripravljenost, da si bodo prizadevale za doseganje tega cilja, in v želji, da bi prispevale h krepitvi zaupanja med narodi in nadaljnjemu izboljšanju mednarodnih razmer skladno s cilji in načeli Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov, sporazumele:

1. Država pogodbenica te konvencije se zavezuje, da vojaško ali kakor koli drugače sovražno ne bo delovala tako, da bi z uničevanjem, povzročanjem škode ali poškodb drugim državam pogodbenicam povzročila spremembe okolja z dolgotrajnimi in hudimi učinki na širšem območju. 2. Država pogodbenica te konvencije se zavezuje, da nobeni drugi državi, skupini držav ali mednarodni organizaciji ne bo pomagala pri dejavnostih, ki so v nasprotju s prvim odstavkom tega člena, je k temu spodbujala ali napeljevala.

Izraz »delovanje, ki povzroča spremembe okolja«, kot je uporabljen v 1. členu, se nanaša na vsako delovanje, ki z namernim poseganjem v naravne procese spreminja dinamiko, sestavo ali zgradbo Zemlje skupaj z njenimi živimi organizmi, zemeljsko skorjo, vodami in ozračjem ali vesolja.

1. Določbe te konvencije ne ovirajo miroljubnega delovanja, ki povzroča spremembe okolja, in tudi ne posegajo v splošno priznana načela in veljavna pravila mednarodnega prava, ki se nanašajo na tako delovanje. 2. Države pogodbenice te konvencije se zavezujejo, da bodo omogočale čim večjo izmenjavo znanstvenih in tehnoloških informacij o miroljubnem delovanju, ki povzroča spremembe okolja, in imele pri njej pravico sodelovati. Države pogodbenice, ki to lahko storijo, vsaka zase ali skupaj z drugimi državami ali mednarodnimi organizacijami prispevajo k mednarodnemu gospodarskemu in znanstvenemu sodelovanju pri ohranjanju, izboljševanju in miroljubni uporabi okolja z ustreznim upoštevanjem potreb območij sveta v razvoju.

Država pogodbenica te konvencije se zavezuje, da bo sprejela vse ukrepe, ki jih šteje za potrebne v skladu s svojimi notranjepravnimi postopki, za prepoved in preprečitev vsake dejavnosti, s katero se kršijo določbe konvencije kjer koli pod njeno jurisdikcijo ali nadzorom.

1. Države pogodbenice te konvencije se zavezujejo, da se bodo med seboj posvetovale in sodelovale pri reševanju problemov, ki lahko nastanejo v zvezi s cilji ali uporabo določb konvencije. Posvetovanje in sodelovanje na podlagi tega člena lahko potekata tudi v skladu z ustreznimi mednarodnopravnimi postopki v okviru Združenih narodov in njihovo Ustanovno listino. Ti postopki lahko vključujejo storitve ustreznih mednarodnih organizacij ter posvetovalnega odbora strokovnjakov, kot ga določa drugi odstavek tega člena. 2. Za namene iz prvega odstavka tega člena depozitar v enem mesecu po prejemu zahteve katere koli države pogodbenice te konvencije skliče posvetovalni odbor strokovnjakov. Država pogodbenica lahko v ta odbor imenuje enega strokovnjaka, katerega naloge in poslovnik odbora so opredeljeni v prilogi, ki je sestavni del te konvencije. Odbor pošlje depozitarju povzetek svojih ugotovitev, ki zajema vsa stališča in informacije, predložene odboru med njegovim posvetovanjem. Depozitar pošlje povzetek vsem državam pogodbenicam. 3. Država pogodbenica, ki ima razloge, da meni, da druga država pogodbenica krši obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz določb konvencije, lahko pri Varnostnem svetu Združenih narodov vloži pritožbo. Pritožba naj vključuje vse pomembne informacije in možne dokaze, ki jo utemeljujejo. 4. Država pogodbenica te konvencije se zavezuje, da bo v skladu z določbami Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov sodelovala pri preiskavi, ki jo Varnostni svet lahko sproži na podlagi prejete pritožbe. Varnostni svet obvesti države pogodbenice o izsledkih preiskave. 5. Država pogodbenica te konvencije se zavezuje, da bo v skladu z določbami Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov zagotovila ali podprla pomoč vsaki državi pogodbenici, ki zanjo zaprosi, če Varnostni svet odloči, da je bila ali bi lahko bila tej pogodbenici povzročena škoda zaradi kršitve konvencije.

1. Država pogodbenica te konvencije lahko predlaga spremembe konvencije. Besedilo predlagane spremembe se predloži depozitarju, ki ga takoj pošlje vsem državam pogodbenicam. 2. Sprememba začne veljati za vse države pogodbenice te konvencije, ki so spremembo sprejele, potem ko je večina držav pogodbenic deponirala listine o sprejetju pri depozitarju. Za vsako drugo državo pogodbenico pa začne veljati na dan deponiranja njene listine o sprejetju.

Ta konvencija velja nedoločen čas.

1. Pet let po začetku veljavnosti te konvencije depozitar v Ženevi, Švica, skliče konferenco držav pogodbenic te konvencije. Konferenca pregleda izvajanje konvencije, da zagotovi uresničevanje njenih ciljev in določb, zlasti pa preuči učinkovitost določb prvega odstavka 1. člena pri odpravljanju nevarnosti vojaškega ali drugega sovražnega delovanja, ki povzroča spremembe okolja. 2. Nato lahko večina držav pogodbenic te konvencije, tako da depozitarju pošlje predlog, doseže sklic konference z enakimi cilji v časovnih presledkih, ki niso krajši kot pet let. 3. Če v desetih letih po koncu zadnje konference ni bila sklicana nobena konferenca na podlagi drugega odstavka tega člena, depozitar pridobi stališča vseh držav pogodbenic te konvencije do sklica take konference. Če se ena tretjina ali deset držav pogodbenic, tisto število, ki je nižje, odloči za sklic konference, depozitar takoj ukrene vse potrebno za sklic konference.

1. Konvencija je na voljo za podpis vsem državam. Država, ki konvencije ne podpiše pred njenim začetkom veljavnosti v skladu s tretjim odstavkom tega člena, lahko k njej pristopi kadar koli. 2. Države podpisnice morajo ratificirati konvencijo. Listine o ratifikaciji ali pristopu se deponirajo pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov. 3. Konvencija začne veljati, ko dvajset vlad deponira listine o ratifikaciji skladno z drugim odstavkom tega člena. 4. Za države, katerih listine o ratifikaciji ali pristopu se deponirajo po začetku veljavnosti konvencije, začne veljati na dan deponiranja njihovih listin o ratifikaciji ali pristopu. 5. Depozitar vse države podpisnice in pristopnice takoj uradno obvesti o datumu vsakega podpisa, deponiranja vsake listine o ratifikaciji ali pristopu in začetka veljavnosti konvencije in njenih sprememb ter o prejemu drugih obvestil. 6. Depozitar vpiše konvencijo v register v skladu s 102. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov.

Konvencija, katere besedila v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem, kitajskem, ruskem in španskem jeziku so enako verodostojna, se deponira pri generalnem sekretarju Združenih narodov, ki pravilno overjene izvode konvencije pošlje vladam držav podpisnic in pristopnic. V POTRDITEV TEGA so podpisani, ki so jih njihove vlade za to pravilno pooblastile, podpisali to konvencijo, ki je na voljo za podpis v Ženevi od osemnajstega maja tisoč devetsto sedeminsedemdeset. 1. Posvetovalni odbor strokovnjakov se zavezuje, da bo ugotovil ustrezna dejstva in oblikoval strokovna stališča do vsakega problema, ki ga na podlagi prvega odstavka 5. člena te konvencije predstavi država pogodbenica, ki zahteva sklic odbora. 2. Delo posvetovalnega odbora strokovnjakov je organizirano tako, da mu omogoča opravljati naloge, določene v prvem odstavku te priloge. Odbor o postopkovnih vprašanjih v zvezi z organizacijo njegovega dela odloča, če je le mogoče, s soglasjem, sicer pa z večino navzočih članov, ki glasujejo. O vsebinskih zadevah se ne glasuje. 3. Depozitar ali njegov predstavnik opravlja naloge predsednika odbora. 4. Vsakemu strokovnjaku lahko na sestankih pomaga en ali več svetovalcev. 5. Vsak strokovnjak ima pravico, da od držav in mednarodnih organizacij prek predsednika zahteva informacije in pomoč, za katere meni, da so zaželene za opravljanje dela odbora.

Za izvajanje konvencije skrbita Ministrstvo za okolje, prostor in energijo ter Ministrstvo za obrambo.

Ta zakon začne veljati petnajsti dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe. Št. 801-01/04-9/1 Ljubljana, dne 20. maja 2004 EPA 1241-III Predsednik Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije Borut Pahor l. r.