Zakon o ratifikaciji Sprememb Protokola o varstvu Sredozemskega morja pred onesnaževanjem s kopnega (MSPVSM)

Ratificirajo se Spremembe Protokola o varstvu Sredozemskega morja pred onesnaževanjem s kopnega, sprejete v Sirakuzi 7. marca 1996.

Spremembe protokola se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasijo: The title of the Protocol is amended as follows: PROTOCOL FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AGAINST POLLUTION FROM LAND-BASED SOURCES AND ACTIVITIES The first preambular paragraph of the Protocol is amended as follows: Being Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution, adopted at Barcelona on 16 February 1976 and amended on 10 June 1995, The third preambular paragraph of the Protocol is amended as follows: Noting the increasing environmental pressures resulting from human activities in the Mediterranean Sea Area, particularly in the fields of industrialization and urbanization, as well as the seasonal increase in the coastal population due to tourism, The fourth preambular paragraph of the Protocol is amended as follows: Recognising the danger posed to the marine environment, living resources and human health by pollution from land-based sources and activities and the serious problems resulting therefrom in many coastal waters and river estuaries of the Mediterranean Sea, primarily due to the release of untreated, insufficiently treated or inadequately disposed of domestic or industrial discharges containing substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate, The following paragraph is added as the fifth preambular paragraph: Applying the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle, undertaking environmental impact assessment and utilizing the best available techniques and the best environmental practice, including clean production technologies, as provided for in article 4 of the Convention, The sixth preambular paragraph of the Protocol is amended as follows: Determined to take, in close cooperation, the necessary measures to protect the Mediterranean Sea against pollution from land-based sources and activities, The following paragraph is added as the seventh preambular paragraph: Taking into consideration the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities, adopted in Washington, D.C., on 3 November 1995, A title is inserted and the text is amended as follows: The Contracting Parties to this Protocol (hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”) shall take all appropriate measures to prevent, abate, combat and eliminate to the fullest possible extent pollution of the Mediterranean Sea Area caused by discharges from rivers, coastal establishments or outfalls, or emanating from any other land-based sources and activities within their territories, giving priority to the phasing out of inputs of substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate. A title is inserted, and the texts of paragraphs (a) and (d) are amended as follows: (a) “The Convention” means the Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution, adopted at Barcelona on 16 February 1976 and amended on 10 June 1995; (d) The “Hydrologic Basin” means the entire watershed area within the territories of the Contracting Parties, draining into the Mediterranean Sea Area as defined in article 1 of the Convention. A title is inserted and the following new paragraph is added: (a bis) (renumbered as b)) (b) The hydrologic basin of the Mediterranean Sea Area; Paragraph (b) is re-numbered as paragraph (c). Paragraph (c) is re-numbered as paragraph (d) and amended as follows: (d) Brackish waters, coastal salt waters including marshes and coastal lagoons, and ground waters communicating with the Mediterranean Sea. A title is inserted and the texts of paragraphs 1(a) and (b) are amended as follows: 1. This Protocol shall apply: (a) To discharges originating from land-based point and diffuse sources and activities within the territories of the Contracting Parties that may affect directly or indirectly the Mediterranean Sea Area. These discharges shall include those which reach the Mediterranean Area, as defined in article 3(a), (c) and (d) of this Protocol, through coastal disposals, rivers, outfalls, canals, or other watercourses, including ground water flow, or through run-off and disposal under the seabed with access from land; (b) To inputs of pollution substances transported by the atmosphere to the Mediterranean Sea Area from land-based sources or activities within the territories of the Contracting Parties under the conditions defined in annex III to this Protocol. The following new paragraph is added: 3. The Parties shall invite States that are not parties to the Protocol and have in their territories parts of the hydrologic basin of the Mediterranean Area to cooperate in the implementation of the Protocol. A title is inserted and the texts of paragraphs 1,2, and 4 are amended as follows: 1. The Parties undertake to eliminate pollution deriving from land-based sources and activities, in particular to phase out inputs of the substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate listed in annex I. 2. To this end, they shall elaborate and implement, individually or jointly, as appropriate, national and regional action plans and programmes, containing measures and timetables for their implementation. Paragraph 3 is deleted 4. (re-numbered as 3) The priorities and timetables for implementing the action plans, programmes and measures shall be adopted by the Parties taking into account the elements set out in annex I and shall be periodically reviewed. The following new paragraphs are added: 4. When adopting action plans, programmes and measures, the Parties shall take into account, either individually or jointly, the best available techniques and the best environmental practice including, where appropriate, clean production technologies, taking into account the criteria set forth in annex IV. 5. The Parties shall take preventive measures to reduce to the minimum the risk of pollution caused by accidents. A title is inserted and the text is replaced by the following: 1. Point source discharges into the Protocol Area, and releases into water or air that reach and may affect the Mediterranean Area, as defined in article 3(a), (c) and (d) of this Protocol, shall be strictly subject to authorization or regulation by the competent authorities of the Parties taking due account of the provisions of the Protocol and annex II thereto, as well as the relevant decisions or recommendations of the meetings of the Contracting Parties. 2. To this end, the Parties shall provide for system of inspection by their competent authorities to assess compliance with authorizations and regulations. 3. The Parties may be assisted by the Organization, upon request, in establishing new, or strengthening existing, competent structures for inspection of compliance with authorizations and regulations. Such assistance shall include special training of personnel. 4. The Parties establish appropriate sanctions in case of non-compliance with the authorizations and regulations and ensure their application. A title is inserted. The texts of paragraph 1(e) and paragraph 3 are amended as follows: 1... (e) Specific requirements concerning the quantities of the substances discharged (listed in annex I), their concentration in effluents and methods of discharging them. 3. The action plans, programmes and measures referred to in articles 5 and 15 of this Protocol shall be adopted by taking into account, for their progressive implementation, the capacity to adapt and reconvert existing installations, the economic capacity of the Parties and their need for development. A title is inserted and the text is amended as follows: Within the framework of the provisions of, and the monitoring programmes provided for in article 12 of the Convention, and if necessary in cooperation with the competent international organizations, the Parties shall carry out at the earliest possible date monitoring activities and make access to the public of the findings in order: (a) Systematically to assess, as far as possible, the levels of pollution along their coasts, in particular with regard to the sectors of activity and categories of substances listed in annex I, and periodically to provide information in this respect; (b) To evaluate the effectiveness of action plans, programmes and measures implemented under this Protocol to eliminate to the fullest possible extent pollution of the marine environment. A title is inserted and the text is amended as follows: In conformity with article 13 of the Convention, the Parties shall cooperate in scientific and technological fields related to pollution from land-based sources and activities, particularly research on inputs, pathways and effects of pollutants and on the development of new methods for their treatment, reduction or elimination, as well as the development of clean production processes to this effect. To this end, the Parties shall, in particular, endeavour to: The following new paragraph is added: (c) Promote access to, and transfer of, environmentally sound technology including clean production technology. A title is inserted and the text is amended as follows: 1. The Parties shall, directly or with the assistance of competent regional or other international organizations, bilaterally or multilaterally, cooperate with a view to formulating and, as far as possible, implementing programmes of assistance to developing countries, particularly in the fields of science, education and technology, with a view to preventing, reducing or, as appropriate, phasing out inputs of pollutants from land-based sources and activities and their harmful effects in the marine environment. 2. Technical assistance would include, in particular, the training of scientific and technical personnel, as well as the acquisition, utilization and production by those countries of appropriate equipment and, as appropriate, clean production technologies, on advantageous terms to be agreed upon among the Parties concerned. A title is inserted as follows: A title is inserted and the text of paragraph 1 is amended as follows: 1. Taking into account article 28, paragraph 1, of the Convention, when land-based pollution originating from the territory of one Party is likely to prejudice directly the interests of one or more of the other Parties, the Parties concerned shall, at the request of one or more of them, undertake to enter into consultation with a view to seeking a satisfactory solution. A title is inserted. The texts of paragraph 1, the first sentence of paragraph 2 and subparagraph (d) of paragraph 2 are amended as follows: 1. The Parties shall submit reports every two years, unless decided otherwise by the Meeting of the Contracting Parties, to the meeting of the Contracting Parties, through the Organization, of measures taken, results achieved and, if the case arises, of difficulties encountered in the application of this Protocol. Procedures for the submission of such reports shall be determined at the meeting of the Parties. 2. Such reports shall include, inter alia: (d) Action plans, programmes and measures implemented in accordance with articles 5,7 and 15 of this Protocol. A title is inserted. The texts of paragraph 1 and of sub-paragraphs (a), (c) and (f), of paragraph 2 are amended as follows: 1. Ordinary meetings of the Parties shall take place in conjunction with ordinary meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention held pursuant to article 18 of the Convention. The Parties may also hold extraordinary meetings in accordance with article 18 of the Convention. 2. … (a) To keep under review the implementation of this Protocol and to consider the efficacy of the action plans, programmes and measures adopted; (c) To formulate and adopt action plans, programmes and measures in accordance with articles 5, 7 and 15 of this Protocol; (f) To consider the reports submitted by the Parties under article 13 of this Protocol. A title is inserted and the text of paragraph 1 is amended as follows: 1. The meeting of the Parties shall adopt, by a two-thirds majority, the short-term and medium-term regional action plans and programmes containing measures and timetables for their implementation provided for in article 5 of this Protocol. The text of paragraph 2 is replaced by the following: 2. Regional action plans and programmes as referred to in paragraph 1 shall be formulated by the Organization and considered and approved by the relevant technical body of the Contracting Parties within one year at the latest of the entry into force of the amendments to this Protocol. Such regional action plans and programmes shall be put on the agenda for the subsequent meeting of the Parties for adoption. The same procedure shall be followed for any additional action plans and programmes. The following new paragraphs are added: 3. The measures and timetables adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article shall be notified by the Secretariat to all the Parties. Such measures and timetables become binding on the one hundred and eightieth day following the day of notification for the Parties which have not notified the Secretariat of an objection within one hundred and seventy-nine days from the date of notification. 4. The Parties which have notified an objection in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall inform the meeting of the Parties of the provisions they intend to take, it being understood that these Parties may at any time give their consent to these measures or timetables. A title is inserted and the text of paragraph 2 is amended as follows: 2. The rules of procedure and the financial rules adopted pursuant to article 24 of the Convention shall apply with respect to this Protocol, unless the Parties to this Protocol agree otherwise. The text of the last paragraph is amended as follows: DONE at Athens on 17 May 1984 and amended at Syracuse on 7 March 1996 in a single copy in the Arabic, English, French and Spanish languages, the four texts being equally authoritative. This annex contains elements which will be taken into account in the preparation of action plans, programmes and measures for the elimination of pollution from land-based sources and activities referred to in articles 5, 7 and 15 of this Protocol. Such action plans, programmes and measures will aim to cover the sectors of activity listed in section A and also cover the groups of substances enumerated in section C, selected on the basis of the characteristics listed in section B of the present annex. Priorities for action should be established by the Parties, on the basis of the relative importance of their impact on public health, the environment and socio-economic and cultural conditions. Such programmes should cover point sources, diffuse sources and atmospheric deposition. In preparing action plans, programmes and measures, the Parties, in conformity with the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, adopted in Washington, D.C. in 1995, will give priority to substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate, in particular to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), as well as to wastewater treatment and management. A. SECTORS OF ACTIVITY The following sectors of activity (not listed in order of priority) will be primarily considered when setting priorities for the preparation of action plans, programmes and measures for the elimination of the pollution from land-based sources and activities: 1. Energy production; 2. Fertilizer production; 3. Production and formulation of biocides; 4. The pharmaceutical industry; 5. Petroleum refining; 6. The paper and paper-pulp industry; 7. Cement production; 8. The tanning industry; 9. The metal industry; 10. Mining; 11. The shipbuilding and repairing industry; 12. Harbour operations; 13. The textile industry; 14. The electronic industry; 15. The recycling industry; 16. Other sectors of the organic chemical industry; 17. Other sectors of the inorganic chemical industry; 18. Tourism; 19. Agriculture; 20. Animal husbandry; 21. Food processing; 22. Aquaculture; 23. Treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes; 24. Treatment and disposal of domestic waste water, 25. Management of municipal solid waste; 26. Disposal of sewage sludge; 27. The waste management industry; 28. Incineration of waste and management of its residues; 29. Works which cause physical alteration of the natural state of the coastline; 30. Transport. B. CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTANCES IN THE ENVIRONMENT For the preparation of action plans, programmes and measures, the Parties should take into account the characteristics listed below: 1. Persistence; 2. Toxicity or other noxious properties (e.g. carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity); 3. Bioaccumulation; 4. Radioactivity; 5. The ratio between observed concentrations and no observed effect concentrations (NOEC); 6. The risk of eutrophication of anthropogenic origin; 7. Health effects and risks; 8. Transboundary significance; 9. The risk of undesirable changes in the marine ecosystem and irreversibility or durability of effects; 10. Interference with the sustainable exploitation of living resources or with other legitimate uses of the sea; 11. Effects on the taste and/or smell of marine products for human consumption; 12. Effects on the smell, colour, transparency or other characteristics of seawater; 13. Distribution pattern (i.e. quantities involved, use patterns and probability of reaching the marine environment). C. CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES The following categories of substances and sources of pollution will serve as guidance in the preparation of action plans, programmes and measures: 1. Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment. Priority will be given to Aldrin, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrin, Dioxins and Furans, Endrin, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, Mirex, PCBs and Toxaphene;, 2. Organophosphorus compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment; 3. Organotin compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment; 4. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 5. Heavy metals and their compounds; 6. Used lubricating oils; 7. Radioactive substances, including their wastes, when their discharges do not comply with the principles of radiation protection as defined by the competent international organisations, taking into account the protection of the marine environment; 8. Biocides and their derivatives; 9. Pathogenic microorganisms; 10. Crude oils and hydrocarbons of petroleum origin; 11. Cyanides and fluorides; 12. Non-biodegradable detergents and other non-biodegradable surface-active substances; 13. Compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus and other substances which may cause eutrophication; 14. Litter (any persistent manufactured or processed solid material which is discarded, disposed of, or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment); 15. Thermal discharges; 16. Acid or alkaline compounds which may impair the quality of water; 17. Non-toxic substances that have an adverse effect on the oxygen content of the marine environment; 18. Non-toxic substances that may interfere with any legitimate use of the sea; 19. Non-toxic substances that may have adverse effects on the physical or chemical characteristics of seawater. Annex II is deleted. Annex III is re-numbered as Annex II. A title is added and the introductory paragraph is amended as follows: With a view to the issue of an authorization for the discharges of wastes containing substances referred to in article 6 to this Protocol, particular account will be taken, as the case may be, of the following factors: The title and paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 of section A are amended as follows: A. CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION OF THE DISCHARGES 1. Type and size of point or diffuse source (e.g. industrial process). 2. Type of discharges (e.g. origin, average composition). 3. State of waste (e.g. solid, liquid, sludge, slurry). 6. Concentrations with respect to relevant constituents of substances listed in annex I and of other substances as appropriate. 7. Physical, chemical and biochemical properties of the waste discharges. The title of section B is amended and a new paragraph is added. B. CHARACTERISTICS OF DISCHARGE CONSTITUENTS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR HARMFULNESS 7. All other characteristics as listed in annex I, section B. The title and paragraph 3 of section C are amended as follows: C. CHARACTERISTCS OF DISCHARGE SITE AND RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT 3. Initial dilution achieved at the point of discharge into the receiving environment. Annex IV is re-numbered as Annex III. A title is added and paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 5 are amended as follows: 1. This Protocol shall apply to polluting discharges into the atmosphere under the following conditions: (a) the discharged substance is or could be transported to the Mediterranean Sea Area under prevailing meteorological conditions; (b) the input of the substance into the Mediterranean Sea Area is hazardous for the environment in relation to the quantities of the same substance reaching the Area by other means. 2. This Protocol shall also apply to polluting discharges into the atmosphere affecting the Mediterranean Sea Area from land-based sources within the territories of the Parties and from fixed man-made offshore structures, subject to the provisions of article 4.2 of this Protocol. 3. In the case of pollution of the Mediterranean Sea Area from land-based sources through the atmosphere, the provisions of articles 5 and 6 of this Protocol shall apply progressively to appropriate substances and sources listed in annex I to this Protocol as will be agreed by the Parties. 5. The provisions of annex II to this Protocol shall apply to pollution through the atmosphere whenever appropriate. Air pollution monitoring and modelling using acceptable common emission factors and methodologies shall be carried out in the assessment of atmospheric deposition of substances, as well as in the compilation of inventories of quantities and rates of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from land-based sources. A new Annex IV is added as follows: A. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES 1. The use of the best available techniques shall emphasize the use of non-waste technology, if available. 2. The term “best available techniques“ means the latest stage of development (state of the art) of processes, of facilities or of methods of operation which indicate the practical suitability of a particular measure for limiting discharges, emissions and waste. In determining whether a set of processes, facilities and methods of operation constitute the best available techniques in general or individual cases, special consideration shall be given to: (a) comparable processes, facilities or methods of operation which have recently been successfully tried out; (b) tec hnological advances and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding; (c) the economic feasibility of such techniques; (d) time limits for installation in both new and existing plants; (e) the nature and volume of the discharges and emissions concerned. 3. It therefore follows that what is “best available techniques“ for a particular process will change with time in the light of technological advances, economic and social factors, as well as changes in scientific knowledge and understanding. 4. If the reduction of discharges and emissions resulting from the use of best available techniques does not lead to environmentally acceptable results, additional measures have to be applied. 5. “Techniques“ include both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and dismantled. B. BEST ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE 6. The term “best environmental practice“ means the application of the most appropriate combination of environmental control measures and strategies. In making a selection for individual cases, at least the following graduated range of measures should be considered: (a) the provision of information and education to the public and to users about the environmental consequences of choice of particular activities and choice of products, their use and ultimate disposal; (b) the development and application of codes of good environmental practice which cover all aspects of the activity in the product’s life; (c) the mandatory application of labels informing users of environmental risks related to a product, its use and ultimate disposal; (d) saving resources, including energy; (e) making collection and disposal systems available to the public; (f) avoiding the use of hazardous substances or products and the generation of hazardous waste; (g) recycling, recovery and re-use; (h) the application of economic instruments to activities, products or groups of products; (l) establishing a system of licensing, involving a range of restrictions or a ban. 7. In determining what combination of measures constitute best environmental practice, in general or individual cases, particular consideration should be given to: (a) the environmental hazard of the product and its production, use and ultimate disposal; (b) the substitution by less polluting activities or substances; (c) the scale of use; (d) the potential environmental benefit or penalty of substitute materials or activities; (e) advances and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding; (f) time limits for implementation; (g) social and economic implications. 8. It therefore follows that best environmental practice for a particular source will change with time in the light of technological advances, economic and social factors, as well as changes in scientific knowledge and understanding. 9. If the reduction of inputs resulting from the use of best environmental practice does not lead to environmentally acceptable results, additional measures have to be applied and best environmental practice redefined. Naslov protokola, kot je spremenjen: PROTOKOL ZA VARSTVO SREDOZEMSKEGA MORJA PRED ONESNAŽEVANJEM IZ VIROV IN DEJAVNOSTI NA KOPNEM Prvi uvodni odstavek protokola, kot je spremenjen: so pogodbenice Konvencije o varstvu Sredozemskega morja pred onesnaženjem, sprejete 16. februarja 1976 v Barceloni in spremenjene 10. junija 1995, Tretji uvodni odstavek protokola, kot je spremenjen: opažajo vse večje pritiske na okolje, ki nastajajo zaradi človekovih dejavnosti na območju Sredozemskega morja, zlasti na področju industrializacije in urbanizacije, ter sezonskega povečevanja obalnega prebivalstva zaradi turizma, Četrti uvodni odstavek protokola, kot je spremenjen: priznavajo, da onesnaževanje iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem ogroža morsko okolje, življenjske vire in človekovo zdravje ter da zaradi tega nastajajo resni problemi v mnogih obalnih vodah in rečnih izlivih Sredozemskega morja, predvsem zaradi izpuščanja neprečiščenih, ne dovolj prečiščenih ali neprimerno odstranjenih gospodinjskih ali industrijskih odpadkov, ki vsebujejo strupene ali obstojne snovi in snovi, ki se lahko kopičijo v organizmih, Naslednji odstavek se doda kot peti uvodni odstavek: uporabljajo previdnostno načelo in načelo “onesnaževalec plača“, opravljajo presojo vplivov na okolje in uporabljajo najboljše razpoložljive metode in najboljšo okoljsko prakso s čistimi proizvodnimi tehnologijami vred, kot je predvideno v 4. členu konvencije, Šesti uvodni odstavek protokola, kot je spremenjen: so odločene, da v tesnem sodelovanju storijo vse potrebno, da zavarujejo Sredozemsko morje pred onesnaževanjem iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem, Naslednji odstavek se doda kot sedmi uvodni odstavek: upoštevajo Svetovni akcijski program za varstvo morskega okolja pred dejavnostmi na kopnem, sprejet 3. novembra 1995 v Washingtonu, Doda se naslov, besedilo pa se spremeni: Pogodbenice tega protokola (v nadaljnjem besedilu pogodbenice) storijo vse potrebno, da v največji možni meri preprečijo, ublažijo in odpravijo onesnaževanje na območju Sredozemskega morja, ki ga povzročajo onesnažene reke, izpusti iz obalnih objektov ali iztokov ali ki izhaja iz kakršnih koli drugih virov ali dejavnosti na kopnem na njihovem ozemlju, ter se proti njemu borijo, pri čemer dajo prednost opuščanju vnašanja snovi, ki so strupene, obstojne in se lahko kopičijo v organizmih. Doda se naslov, besedilo odstavkov (a) in (d) pa se spremeni: (a) “konvencija“ pomeni Konvencijo o varstvu Sredozemskega morja pred onesnaženjem, sprejeto 16. februarja 1976 v Barceloni in spremenjeno 10. junija 1995; (d) “hidrološki bazen“ pomeni celotno povodje na ozemlju pogodbenic, katerega vode se iztekajo v Sredozemsko morje, kot je opredeljeno v 1. členu konvencije. Dodata se naslov in nov odstavek: (a bis) (na novo označen kot b)) (b) Hidrološki bazen območja Sredozemskega morja; Odstavek (b) se na novo označi kot odstavek (c). Odstavek (c) se na novo označi kot odstavek (d) in se spremeni: (d) Brakične vode, slane obalne vode skupaj z močvirji in obalnimi lagunami ter podtalnica, povezana s Sredozemskim morjem. Doda se naslov, besedilo pododstavkov (a) in (b) prvega odstavka pa se spremeni: 1. Ta protokol se uporablja: (a) za izpuste, ki izvirajo iz točkovnih in razpršenih virov ter iz dejavnosti na kopnem na ozemljih pogodbenic in lahko neposredno ali posredno vplivajo na območje Sredozemskega morja. Ti izpusti vključujejo tiste, ki dosežejo sredozemsko območje, kot je opredeljeno v odstavkih a), c) in d) 3. člena tega protokola, prek obalnih odlagališč, rek, iztokov, kanalov ali drugih vodotokov s pripadajočo podtalnico ali prek odtokov in odlagališč pod morskim dnom z dostopom s kopnega; (b) za vnose snovi, ki onesnažujejo in se po zraku prenašajo do območja Sredozemskega morja iz virov ali dejavnosti na kopnem na ozemljih pogodbenic pod pogoji, določenimi v prilogi III k temu protokolu. Doda se nov odstavek: 3. Pogodbenice povabijo države, ki niso pogodbenice protokola in na katerih ozemlju je del hidrološkega bazena Sredozemskega morja, da sodelujejo pri izvajanju protokola. Doda se naslov, besedilo prvega, drugega in četrtega odstavka pa se spremeni: 1. Pogodbenice se obvezujejo, da bodo odpravile onesnaževanje, ki izhaja iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem, in zlasti opuščale vnašanje snovi iz priloge I, ki so strupene, obstojne in se lahko kopičijo v organizmih. 2. V ta namen posamič ali skupaj, kot je primerno, izdelajo in izvedejo nacionalne ali regionalne akcijske načrte in programe, ki vsebujejo ukrepe in časovni razpored za njihovo izvedbo. Tretji odstavek se črta. 4. (preštevilčen kot 3.) Pogodbenice ob upoštevanju elementov, določenih v prilogi I, sprejmejo prednostne naloge in časovni razpored za izvajanje akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov, ki se redno pregledujejo in dopolnjujejo. Dodata se nova odstavka: 4. Pri sprejemanju akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov pogodbenice posamič ali skupaj upoštevajo najboljše razpoložljive metode in najboljšo okoljsko prakso skupaj s čistimi proizvodnimi tehnologijami, kadar je to primerno, in ob tem upoštevajo merila, določena v prilogi IV. 5. Pogodbenice sprejmejo preprečevalne ukrepe za čim večje zmanjšanje tveganja onesnaženja zaradi nesreč. Doda se naslov, besedilo pa se nadomesti s tem: 1. Za odvajanje iz točkovnih virov v območje protokola in za izpuste v vodo ali zrak, ki dosežejo sredozemsko območje, kot je opredeljeno v odstavkih (a), (c) in (d) tretjega člena tega protokola, in lahko vplivajo nanj, strogo velja, da je zanje potrebno dovoljenje ali predpis pristojnih organov pogodbenice ob pravilnem upoštevanju določb tega protokola in njegove priloge II ter ustreznih sklepov ali priporočil, ki so jih pogodbenice sprejele na zasedanjih. 2. V ta namen pogodbenice zagotovijo sisteme za inšpekcijski nadzor, ki ga opravijo njihovi pristojni organi, da ocenijo skladnost z dovoljenji in predpisi. 3. Organizacija lahko pogodbenicam na njihovo zahtevo pomaga pri vzpostavitvi novih ali krepitvi obstoječih pristojnih služb za preverjanje skladnosti z dovoljenji in predpisi. Taka pomoč vključuje posebno usposabljanje zaposlenih. 4. Pogodbenice uvedejo ustrezne sankcije za neskladnost z dovoljenji in prepisi in zagotovijo njihovo uporabo. Doda se naslov. Besedilo pododstavka (e) prvega odstavka in tretjega odstavka se spremeni: 1.... (e) Posebne zahteve glede količine izpuščenih snovi (naštetih v prilogi I), njihova koncentracija v odplakah in načini izpuščanja. 3. Pri sprejemanju akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov iz 5. in 15. člena tega protokola se za njihovo postopno izvajanje upoštevajo zmožnost obstoječih obratov, da se prilagodijo in preusmerijo, gospodarska moč pogodbenic in njihova potreba po razvoju. Doda se naslov, besedilo pa se spremeni: V okviru določb konvencije in programov za spremljanje stanja in sprememb, predvidenih v 12. členu konvencije, in če je potrebno, pogodbenice v sodelovanju s pristojnimi mednarodnimi organizacijami čim prej izvedejo dejavnosti, povezane s spremljanjem stanja in sprememb, in omogočijo dostop javnosti do ugotovitev: (a) da, če je mogoče, sistematično ocenijo raven onesnaženja ob svojih obalah, zlasti v zvezi z dejavnostmi in skupinami snovi iz priloge I, in o tem redno poročajo; (b) da ocenijo učinkovitost akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov, ki se izvedejo v okviru tega protokola, da se v največji možni meri odpravi onesnaževanje morskega okolja. Doda se naslov, besedilo pa se spremeni: Pogodbenice skladno s 13. členom konvencije sodelujejo na področjih znanosti in tehnologije, ki so povezana z onesnaževanjem iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem, zlasti pri raziskavah o vnašanju, poteh in učinkih snovi, ki onesnažujejo, in o razvoju novih metod za njihovo obdelavo, zmanjšanje njihove količine ali njihovo odpravo ter razvoju čistih proizvodnih tehnologij v ta namen. Zato si pogodbenice predvsem prizadevajo: Doda se nov odstavek: (c) spodbuditi dostop do okolju primerne tehnologije, vključno s čisto proizvodno tehnologijo, in njen prenos. Doda se naslov, besedilo pa se spremeni: 1. Pogodbenice neposredno ali ob pomoči pristojnih regionalnih ali drugih mednarodnih organizacij dvostransko ali večstransko sodelujejo, da bi oblikovale, in če je mogoče, izvedle programe za pomoč državam v razvoju, zlasti na področju znanosti, izobraževanja in tehnologije, da se preprečijo, zmanjšajo, ali če je primerno, postopno odpravijo vnašanje snovi, ki onesnažujejo, iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem ter njihovi škodljivi učinki na morsko okolje. 2. Strokovna pomoč bi vključevala predvsem usposabljanje znanstvenega in strokovnega osebja ter pridobivanje, uporabo in proizvodnjo primerne opreme, in če je primerno, čistih proizvodnih tehnologij v teh državah pod ugodnimi pogoji, o katerih se dogovorijo pogodbenice, ki jih to zadeva. Doda se naslov: Doda se naslov, besedilo prvega odstavka pa se spremeni: 1. Če bi onesnaževanje s kopnega, ki izvira z ozemlja ene od pogodbenic, verjetno neposredno posegalo v interese ene ali več drugih pogodbenic, se te pogodbenice ob upoštevanju prvega odstavka 28. člena konvencije na zahtevo vsaj ene izmed njih obvežejo, da se bodo posvetovale, da bi našle zadovoljivo rešitev. Doda se naslov. Besedilo prvega odstavka, prvega stavka drugega odstavka in pododstavka (d) drugega odstavka se spremeni: 1. Če se pogodbenice na zasedanju ne odločijo drugače, vsaki dve leti predložijo prek organizacije zasedanjem pogodbenic poročila o izvedenih ukrepih, doseženih rezultatih in o morebitnih težavah, ki jih imajo pri uporabi tega protokola. Postopki za predložitev takih poročil se določijo na zasedanjih pogodbenic. 2. Taka poročila med drugim vključujejo: (d) akcijske načrte, programe in ukrepe, ki se izvajajo skladno s 5., 7. in 15. členom tega protokola. Doda se naslov. Besedilo prvega odstavka in pododstavkov (a), (c) in (f) drugega odstavka se spremeni: 1. Redna zasedanja pogodbenic potekajo skupaj z rednimi zasedanji pogodbenic konvencije, ki jih imajo na podlagi 18. člena konvencije. Pogodbenice imajo lahko tudi izredna zasedanja skladno z 18. členom konvencije. 2.... (a) da spremljajo izvajanje tega protokola in proučijo učinkovitost sprejetih akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov; (c) da oblikujejo in sprejmejo akcijske načrte, programe in ukrepe skladno s 5., 7. in 15. členom tega protokola; (f) da obravnavajo poročila, ki jih predložijo pogodbenice po 13. členu tega protokola. Doda se naslov, besedilo prvega odstavka pa se spremeni: 1. Pogodbenice na zasedanjih z dvetretjinsko večino sprejmejo kratkoročne in srednjeročne regionalne akcijske načrte in programe, v katerih so ukrepi in časovna razporeditev njihovega izvajanja, kot jih predvideva 5. člen tega protokola. Besedilo drugega odstavka se nadomesti s tem: 2. Najpozneje v enem letu od začetka veljavnosti sprememb k temu protokolu organizacija oblikuje regionalne akcijske načrte in programe iz prvega odstavka, ustrezno strokovno telo pogodbenic pa jih obravnava in odobri. Sprejem takih regionalnih akcijskih načrtov in programov se uvrsti na dnevni red naslednjega zasedanja pogodbenic. Enak postopek velja za vse dodatne akcijske načrte in programe. Dodata se nova odstavka: 3. Sekretariat uradno obvesti vse pogodbenice o ukrepih in časovnih razporeditvah, sprejetih skladno s prvim odstavkom tega člena. Taki ukrepi in časovne razporeditve postanejo zavezujoči stoosemdeseti dan po uradnem obvestilu za vse pogodbenice, ki v sto devetinsedemdesetih dneh od dneva uradnega obvestila niso uradno obvestile sekretariata o ugovoru. 4. Pogodbenice, ki so poslale uradno obvestilo o ugovoru skladno s prejšnjim odstavkom, obvestijo zasedanje pogodbenic o tem, kako nameravajo ukrepati, pri čemer pa se razume, da lahko te pogodbenice kadar koli dajo soglasje k ukrepom in časovnim razporeditvam. Doda se naslov, besedilo drugega odstavka pa se spremeni: 2. Poslovnik in finančna pravila, sprejeta na podlagi 24. člena konvencije, se uporabljajo za ta protokol, če pogodbenice ne odločijo drugače. Besedilo zadnjega odstavka se spremeni: Sestavljeno v Atenah 17. maja 1980 in spremenjeno v Siracusi 7. marca 1996 v enem izvodu v angleškem, arabskem, francoskem in španskem jeziku, pri čemer so vsa štiri besedila enako veljavna. Ta priloga vsebuje elemente, ki se bodo upoštevali pri pripravi akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov za odpravo onesnaževanja iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem iz 5., 7. in 15. člena tega protokola. Cilj takih akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov bo zajeti vse dejavnosti iz razdelka A ter vse skupine snovi iz razdelka C, izbrane na podlagi lastnosti iz razdelka B te priloge. Prednostne naloge za ukrepanje naj bi določile pogodbenice na podlagi relativne pomembnosti vpliva na zdravje ljudi, okolje ter socialno-ekonomske in kulturne razmere. Taki programi naj bi vključevali točkovne vire, razpršene vire in usedanje iz zraka. Pri pripravljanju akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov bodo pogodbenice skladno s Svetovnim akcijskim programom za varstvo morskega okolja pred dejavnostmi na kopnem, sprejetim leta 1995 v Washingtonu, dale prednost snovem, ki so strupene, obstojne in se lahko kopičijo v organizmih, zlasti obstojnim organskim snovem, ki onesnažujejo, ter čiščenju odpadne vode in ravnanju z njo. A. DEJAVNOSTI Pri določanju prednostnih nalog med pripravljanjem akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov za odpravo onesnaževanja iz virov in dejavnosti na kopnem se bodo najprej upoštevale te dejavnosti (niso navedeni po prednostnem vrstnem redu): 1. proizvodnja energije, 2. proizvodnja umetnih gnojil, 3. proizvodnja in razvoj biocidov, 4. farmacevtska industrija, 5. rafiniranje nafte, 6. papirna in celulozna industrija, 7. proizvodnja cementa, 8. strojarstvo, 9. kovinska industrija, 10. rudarstvo, 11. ladjedelništvo, 12. pristaniške dejavnosti, 13. tekstilna industrija, 14. elektronska industrija, 15. recikliranje, 16. druge dejavnosti organske kemične industrije, 17. druge dejavnosti anorganske kemične industrije, 18. turizem, 19. kmetijstvo, 20. živinoreja, 21. živilskopredelovalna industrija, 22. akvakultura, 23. obdelava in odstranjevanje nevarnih odpadkov, 24. čiščenje in odstranjevanje odpadne vode gospodinjstev, 25. ravnanje s komunalnimi trdnimi odpadki, 26. odstranjevanje blata iz čistilnih naprav, 27. industrija ravnanja z odpadki, 28. sežiganje odpadkov in ravnanje z ostanki sežiga, 29. posegi, zaradi katerih se fizično spremeni naravna oblika obale, 30. promet. B. LASTNOSTI SNOVI V OKOLJU Pri pripravi akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov naj bi pogodbenice upoštevale te lastnosti: 1. obstojnost, 2. strupenost ali druge zdravju škodljive lastnosti (npr. karcinogenost, mutagenost, teratogenost), 3. kopičenje v organizmih, 4. radioaktivnost, 5. razmerje med opaženimi koncentracijami in koncentracijami, pri katerih ni opaznega učinka (NOEC), 6. nevarnost evtrofikacije, ki jo povzroči človek, 7. učinki na zdravje in tveganja, 8. pomembnost čezmejnega vpliva, 9. nevarnost neželenih sprememb v morskem ekosistemu in nepovrnljivost ali trajnost učinkov, 10. motenje trajnostnega izkoriščanja živih virov ali druge zakonite uporabe morja, 11. učinki na okus in/ali vonj morskih izdelkov, namenjenih uživanju, 12. učinki na vonj, barvo, bistrost in druge značilnosti morske vode, 13. vzorec porazdelitve (to pomeni količine, vzorce uporabe in verjetnost, da dejavnik doseže morsko okolje). C. SKUPINE SNOVI Navedene skupine snovi in virov onesnaženja bodo vodilo pri pripravi akcijskih načrtov, programov in ukrepov: 1. organohalogenske spojine in snovi, ki lahko tvorijo take spojine v morskem okolju. Prednostno bodo obravnavani aldrin, klordan, DDT, dieldrin, dioksini in furani, endrin, heptaklor, heksaklorbenzen, mireks, PCB in toksafen, 2. organofosforjeve spojine in snovi, ki lahko tvorijo take spojine v morskem okolju, 3. organokositrove spojine in snovi, ki lahko tvorijo take spojine v morskem okolju, 4. policiklični aromatski ogljikovodiki, 5. težke kovine in njihove spojine, 6. izrabljena mazivna olja, 7. radioaktivne snovi, vključno z njihovimi odpadki, če njihov izpust ni skladen z načeli varstva pred sevanji, kot jih opredeljujejo ustrezne mednarodne organizacije, ob upoštevanju varstva morskega okolja, 8. biocidi in njihovi derivati, 9. patogeni mikroorganizmi, 10. surova nafta in naftni ogljikovodiki, 11. cianidi in fluoridi, 12. nebiorazgradljivi detergenti in druge nebiorazgradljive površinsko dejavne snovi, 13. dušikove in fosforjeve spojine ter spojine drugih snovi, ki lahko povzročijo evtrofikacijo, 14. smeti (kakršne koli obstojne proizvedene ali predelane trdne snovi, ki se odvržejo, odložijo ali pustijo v morskem in obalnem okolju), 15. toplotni izpusti, 16. kisle ali bazične spojine, ki lahko znižajo kakovost vode, 17. nestrupene snovi, ki škodljivo vplivajo na delež kisika v morskem okolju, 18. nestrupene snovi, ki lahko motijo kakršno koli zakonito uporabo morja, 19. nestrupene snovi, ki lahko škodljivo vplivajo na fizične ali kemične lastnosti morske vode. Priloga II se črta. Priloga III se preštevilči kot priloga II. Doda se naslov, uvodni odstavek pa se spremeni: Odvisno od primera se pri izdaji dovoljenja za odstranjevanje odpadkov, ki vsebujejo snovi iz 6. člena tega protokola, posebej upoštevajo ti dejavniki: Naslov ter prvi, drugi, tretji, šesti in sedmi odstavek razdelka A se spremenijo: A. LASTNOSTI IN SESTAVA IZPUŠČENIH ODPADKOV 1. vrsta in velikost točkovnega ali razpršenega vira (npr. industrijski proces), 2. vrsta izpuščenih odpadkov (npr. vir, povprečna sestava), 3. stanje odpadkov (npr. trdni, tekoči, blato, gošča), 6. koncentracije glede na ustrezne sestavine snovi iz priloge I in morebitne druge snovi, 7. fizične, kemične in biokemične lastnosti izpuščenih odpadkov. Naslov razdelka B se spremeni in doda se nov odstavek. B. LASTNOSTI SESTAVIN IZPUŠČENIH ODPADKOV GLEDE NA NJIHOVO ŠKODLJIVOST 7. Vse druge lastnosti, navedene v razdelku B priloge I. Naslov in tretji odstavek razdelka C se spremenita: C. LASTNOSTI KRAJA IZPUSTA IN SPREJEMNEGA OKOLJA 3. Začetna razredčitev, dosežena na točki izpusta v sprejemno okolje. Priloga IV se preštevilči kot priloga III. Doda se naslov, prvi, drugi, tretji in peti odstavek pa se spremenijo: 1. Ta protokol se uporablja za izpuste, ki onesnažujejo ozračje, pod temi pogoji: (a) v prevladujočih vremenskih razmerah se izpuščena snov prenaša ali bi se lahko prenesla na območje Sredozemskega morja; (b) vnos snovi na območje Sredozemskega morja je nevaren za okolje glede na količine iste snovi, ki dosežejo to območje na druge načine. 2. Ta protokol se uporablja tudi za izpuste, ki onesnažujejo ozračje in vplivajo na območje Sredozemskega morja iz virov na kopnem na ozemljih pogodbenic in iz pritrjenih umetnih objektov na morju, ob upoštevanju določb drugega odstavka 4. člena tega protokola. 3. Pri onesnaževanju območja Sredozemskega morja iz virov na kopnem po zraku se določbe 5. in 6. člena tega protokola tudi uporabljajo za ustrezne snovi in vire iz priloge I k temu protokolu, kot se bodo sporazumele pogodbenice. 5. Določbe priloge II k temu protokolu se uporabljajo za onesnaževanje po zraku, kadar koli je to primerno. Spremljanje onesnaževanja zraka in razvijanje modelov onesnaževanja z uporabo sprejemljivih skupnih emisijskih dejavnikov in metodologij se izvedeta pri ocenjevanju usedanja snovi iz zraka ter pri sestavljanju inventarjev količin in stopenj emisij snovi, ki onesnažujejo, v zrak iz virov na kopnem. Doda se nova priloga IV: A. NAJBOLJŠE RAZPOLOŽLJIVE TEHNOLOGIJE 1. Uporaba najboljših razpoložljivih tehnologij je osredotočena na uporabo tehnologije brez odpadkov, če je na voljo. 2. Izraz “najboljše razpoložljive tehnologije “ pomeni zadnjo (najsodobnejšo) stopnjo v razvoju procesov, naprav ali postopkov, ki kaže uporabno primernost določenega ukrepa za zmanjševanje odvajanja, emisij in odpadkov. Pri ugotavljanju, ali skupek procesov, naprav in postopkov sestavlja najboljše razpoložljive tehnologije, se posebna pozornost posveti: (a) primerljivim procesom, napravam ali postopkom, ki so bili pred kratkim uspešno preizkušeni, (b) tehnološkim prednostim in spremembam v znanstvenih spoznanjih in razumevanju, (c) gospodarski izvedljivosti takih tehnologij, (d) rokom za uvedbo v novih in obstoječih obratih, (e) naravi in obsegu odvajanja in emisij. 3. “Najboljše razpoložljive tehnologije“ za določen proces se bodo torej sčasoma spreminjale glede na tehnološki napredek, ekonomske in socialne dejavnike ter spremembe v znanstvenih spoznanjih in razumevanju. 4. Če zmanjšanje odvajanja in emisij zaradi uporabe najboljših razpoložljivih tehnologij ni sprejemljivo za okolje, je treba izvesti dodatne ukrepe. 5. “Tehnologije“ vključujejo uporabljeno tehnologijo in način načrtovanja, gradnje, obratovanja, vzdrževanja in razgradnje obrata. B. NAJBOLJŠA OKOLJSKA PRAKSA 6. Izraz “najboljša okoljska praksa“ pomeni uporabo najprimernejšega spleta okoljskih kontrolnih ukrepov in strategij. Pri izbiri za posamezne primere naj bi se upoštevali vsaj ti stopenjsko razvrščeni ukrepi: (a) obveščanje in izobraževanje javnosti in uporabnikov o posledicah, ki jih imajo za okolje izbira določenih dejavnosti, izbira izdelkov, njihova uporaba in dokončno odstranitev; (b) razvoj in uporaba kodeksa dobre okoljske prakse, ki vključuje vse vidike dejavnosti v življenju izdelka; (c) obvezna uporaba oznak, ki uporabnika obveščajo o tveganjih za okolje, povezanih z izdelkom, njegovo uporabo in odstranitvijo; (d) varčevanje z viri, vključno z energijo; (e) sistemi za zbiranje in odstranjevanje, ki so na voljo javnosti; (f) izogibanje uporabi nevarnih snovi ali izdelkov in ustvarjanju nevarnih odpadkov; (g) recikliranje, ponovno pridobivanje sestavin in ponovna uporaba; (h) uporaba ekonomskih instrumentov pri dejavnostih, izdelkih ali skupinah izdelkov; (l) vzpostavitev sistema dovoljenj, ki vključuje vrsto omejitev ali prepoved. 7. Pri določanju spleta ukrepov, ki sestavljajo najboljšo okoljsko prakso na splošno ali pri posameznih primerih, je treba posebej upoštevati: (a) nevarnost izdelka, njegove proizvodnje, uporabe in odstranitve za okolje; (b) zamenjavo z dejavnostmi ali snovmi, ki manj onesnažujejo; (c) obseg uporabe; (d) možno korist ali škodo za okolje pri nadomestnih materialih in dejavnostih; (e) napredek in spremembe pri znanstvenih spoznanjih in razumevanju; (f) roke za izvedbo; (g) socialne in ekonomske posledice. 8. Najboljša okoljska praksa za določen vir se bo torej sčasoma spreminjala glede na tehnološki napredek, ekonomske in socialne dejavnike ter spremembe v znanstvenih spoznanjih in razumevanju. 9. Če zmanjšanje vnosov zaradi uporabe najboljše okoljske prakse ne da rezultatov, sprejemljivih za okolje, je treba izvesti dodatne ukrepe in na novo opredeliti najboljšo okoljsko prakso.

Za izvajanje sprememb protokola skrbi Ministrstvo za okolje, prostor in energijo.

Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe. Št. 802-06/01-6/2 Ljubljana, dne 25. oktobra 2002 Predsednik Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije Borut Pahor l. r.