Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije o prepovedi najhujših oblik dela otrok in takojšnjem ukrepanju za njihovo odpravo (Konvencija ILO št. 182) (MKPDO)

Ratificira se Konvencija Mednarodne organizacije dela št. 182 o prepovedi najhujših oblik dela otrok in takojšnjem ukrepanju za njihovo odpravo (Konvencija ILO št. 182), sprejeta v Ženevi 17. junija 1999.

Konvencija se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: Convention 182 The General Conference of the International Labour Organization, Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its 87th Session on 1 June 1999, and Considering the need to adopt new instruments for the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, as the main priority for national and international action, including international cooperation and assistance, to complement the Convention and the Recommendation concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment, 1973, which remain fundamental instruments on child labour, and Considering that the effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour requires immediate and comprehensive action, taking into account the importance of free basic education and the need to remove the children concerned from all such work and to provide for their rehabilitation and social integration while addressing the needs of their families, and Recalling the resolution concerning the elimination of child labour adopted by the International Labour Conference at its 83rd Session in 1996, and Recognizing that child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and that the long-term solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alleviation and universal education, and Recalling the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 November 1989, and Recalling the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up, adopted by the International Labour Conference at its 86th Session in 1998, and Recalling that some of the worst forms of child labour are covered by other international instruments, in particular the Forced Labour Convention, 1930, and the United Nations Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, 1956, and Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to child labour, which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention; adopts this seventeenth day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine the following Convention, which may be cited as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999. Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency. For the purposes of this Convention, the term child shall apply to all persons under the age of 18. For the purposes of this Convention, the term the worst forms of child labour comprises: (a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict; (b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances; (c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties; (d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children. 1. The types of work referred to under Article 3(d) shall be determined by national laws or regulations or by the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, taking into consideration relevant international standards, in particular Paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation, 1999. 2. The competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, shall identify where the types of work so determined exist. 3. The list of the types of work determined under paragraph 1 of this Article shall be periodically examined and revised as necessary, in consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned. Each Member shall, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, establish or designate appropriate mechanisms to monitor the implementation of the provisions giving effect to this Convention. 1. Each Member shall design and implement programmes of action to eliminate as a priority the worst forms of child labour. 2. Such programmes of action shall be designed and implemented in consultation with relevant government institutions and employers’ and workers’ organizations, taking into consideration the views of other concerned groups as appropriate. 1. Each Member shall take all necessary measures to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of the provisions giving effect to this Convention including the provision and application of penal sanctions or, as appropriate, other sanctions. 2. Each Member shall, taking into account the importance of education in eliminating child labour, take effective and time-bound measures to: (a) prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour; (b) provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and social integration; (c) ensure access to free basic education, and, wherever possible and appropriate, vocational training, for all children removed from the worst forms of child labour; (d) identify and reach out to children at special risk; and (e) take account of the special situation of girls. 3. Each Member shall designate the competent authority responsible for the implementation of the provisions giving effect to this Convention. Members shall take appropriate steps to assist one another in giving effect to the provisions of this Convention through enhanced international cooperation and/or assistance including support for social and economic development, poverty eradication programmes and universal education. The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. 1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labour Organization whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General of the International Labour Office. 2. It shall come into force 12 months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members have been registered with the Director-General. 3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member 12 months after the date on which its ratification has been registered. 1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered. 2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this Article, will be bound for another period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article. 1. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall notify all Members of the International Labour Organization of the registration of all ratifications and acts of denunciation communicated by the Members of the Organization. 2. When notifying the Members of the Organization of the registration of the second ratification, the Director-General shall draw the attention of the Members of the Organization to the date upon which the Convention shall come into force. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for registration in accordance with article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by the Director-General in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles. At such times as it may consider necessary, the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part. 1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides — (a) the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 11 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force; (b) as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members. 2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention. The English and French versions of the text of this Convention are equally authoritative. Konvencija št. 182 Generalna konferenca Mednarodne organizacije dela, ki jo je v Ženevi sklical Administrativni svet Mednarodnega urada za delo in se je 1. junija 1999 sestala na svojem 87. zasedanju in je upoštevala potrebo po uvedbi novih mehanizmov za prepoved in odpravo najhujših oblik dela otrok kot glavni prednostni nalogi v državnem in mednarodnem delovanju, vključno z mednarodnim sodelovanjem in pomočjo, po dopolnitvi Konvencije in Priporočila o minimalni starosti za sklenitev delovnega razmerja, 1973, ki ostajata temeljna dokumenta o delu otrok, in upoštevala, da učinkovita odprava najhujših oblik dela otrok zahteva takojšnje in najširše ukrepanje, pri čemer je treba upoštevati pomen brezplačnega osnovnega izobraževanja in potrebo po reševanju otrok iz vseh takšnih del ter zagotavljanje njihove rehabilitacije in vključevanja v družbo ob upoštevanju potreb njihovih družin, in se sklicevala na resolucijo o odpravi dela otrok, ki jo je Mednarodna konferenca dela sprejela 1996 na svojem 83. zasedanju, in se zavedala, da delo otrok v veliki meri povzroča revščina in da je dolgoročna rešitev trajnostna gospodarska rast, ki vodi v družbeni napredek, še zlasti v omilitev revščine in k vsesplošni izobrazbi, in se sklicevala na Konvencijo o otrokovih pravicah, ki jo je Generalna skupščina Združenih narodov sprejela 20. novembra 1989, in se sklicevala na Deklaracijo Mednarodne organizacije dela o temeljnih načelih in pravicah iz dela in dopolnilni dokument, ki ju je sprejela Mednarodna konferenca dela leta 1998 na svojem 86. zasedanju, in se zavedala, da nekatere najhujše oblike dela otrok obravnavajo tudi drugi mednarodni dokumenti, še zlasti Konvencija o prisilnem ali obveznem delu, 1930, in Dopolnilna konvencija Združenih narodov o odpravi suženjstva, trgovine s sužnji, ustanov in prakse, podobne suženjstvu, 1956, in se je odločila za sprejem določenih predlogov glede dela otrok, kar je četrta točka dnevnega reda zasedanja, in določila, da so ti predlogi v obliki mednarodne konvencije, sprejema sedemnajstega junija tisoč devetsto devetindevetdeset to konvencijo, ki se imenuje Konvencija o najhujših oblikah dela otrok, 1999.

Vsaka članica, ki ratificira to konvencijo, mora nujno sprejeti takojšnje in učinkovite ukrepe, s katerimi zagotovi prepoved in odpravo najhujših oblik dela otrok.

V tej konvenciji se izraz »otrok« nanaša na vse osebe, mlajše od 18 let.

V tej konvenciji izraz »najhujše oblike dela otrok« zajema: (a) vse oblike suženjstva ali suženjstvu podobnega ravnanja, kot so prodajanje otrok in trgovanje z njimi, obveznost odplačevanja dolgov staršev in tlačanstvo ter prisilno ali obvezno delo, vključno s prisilno ali obvezno mobilizacijo otrok za namene oboroženega spopada; (b) izkoriščanje, zvodništvo ali ponujanje otrok za prostitucijo, za izdelavo pornografije ali pornografske nastope; (c) izkoriščanje, zvodništvo ali ponujanje otrok za nezakonite dejavnosti, še zlasti za izdelavo drog in trgovanje z njimi, kot je določeno v ustreznih mednarodnih pogodbah; (d) delo, ki zaradi svoje narave ali okoliščin, v katerih se opravlja, lahko ogrozi zdravje, varnost ali moralo otrok.

1. Vrste dela, navedene v točki d) 3. člena, določijo notranji zakoni ali predpisi ali pristojni organi po posvetovanju z ustreznimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev ob upoštevanju ustreznih mednarodnih standardov, še zlasti tretjega in četrtega odstavka Priporočila o najhujših oblikah dela otrok, 1999. 2. Pristojni organ po posvetovanju z ustreznimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev ugotovi, kje obstajajo tako določene vrste dela. 3. Seznam vrst dela, določenih po prvem odstavku tega člena, se redno pregleduje in dopolnjuje po posvetovanju z ustreznimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev.

Vsaka članica po posvetovanju z organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev vzpostavi ali določi ustrezne mehanizme za spremljanje izvajanja določb za uveljavitev te konvencije.

1. Vsaka članica oblikuje in izvaja akcijske programe za prednostno odpravo najhujših oblik dela otrok. 2. Takšni akcijski programi se oblikujejo in izvajajo po posvetovanju z ustreznimi vladnimi institucijami in organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev, pri čemer se upoštevajo mnenja drugih ustreznih skupin, če je to potrebno.

1. Vsaka članica sprejme vse potrebne ukrepe, da zagotovi učinkovito izvajanje in uveljavitev določb za uveljavitev te konvencije, vključno z zagotavljanjem in izvajanjem kazenskih, ali če je primerno, drugih sankcij. 2. Vsaka članica ob upoštevanju pomena izobraževanja pri odpravi dela otrok sprejme učinkovite in časovno opredeljene ukrepe za: (a) preprečevanje zaposlovanja otrok pri najhujših oblikah dela otrok; (b) zagotovitev potrebne in ustrezne neposredne pomoči pri reševanju otrok iz najhujših oblik dela otrok ter pri njihovi rehabilitaciji in vključevanju v družbo; (c) zagotovitev dostopa do brezplačnega osnovnega izobraževanja, in če je le mogoče in primerno, poklicnega usposabljanja za vse otroke, rešene iz najhujših oblik dela otrok; (d) določitev posebej ogroženih otrok in pomoč tem otrokom in (e) upoštevanje posebnega položaja deklic. 3. Vsaka članica določi pristojni organ, odgovoren za izvajanje določb za uveljavitev te konvencije.

Članice si ustrezno pomagajo med seboj pri uveljavljanju določb te konvencije s pomočjo večjega mednarodnega sodelovanja in/ali pomoči, vključno s podpiranjem družbenega in gospodarskega razvoja, programov za odpravo revščine in vsesplošnega izobraževanja.

Listine o ratifikaciji te konvencije se pošljejo generalnemu direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo v registracijo.

1. Ta konvencija zavezuje samo tiste članice Mednarodne organizacije dela, katerih registracije so registrirane pri generalnem direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo. 2. Veljati začne dvanajst mesecev po dnevu, ko sta bili pri generalnem direktorju registrirani ratifikaciji dveh članic. 3. Nato začne konvencija veljati za vsako članico dvanajst mesecev po dnevu, ko je bila ratifikacija registrirana.

1. Članica, ki je ratificirala to konvencijo, jo lahko odpove po preteku desetih let po dnevu, ko je prvič začela veljati, z aktom, ki ga pošlje v registracijo generalnemu direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo. Taka odpoved začne učinkovati šele eno leto po dnevu, ko je bila registrirana. 2. Vsaka članica, ki je ratificirala to konvencijo in v enem letu po izteku desetletnega obdobja iz prejšnjega odstavka ne uveljavi pravice do odpovedi po tem členu, ostane zavezana za naslednje desetletno obdobje, potem pa jo lahko pod pogoji iz tega člena odpove po izteku vsakega desetletnega obdobja.

1. Generalni direktor Mednarodnega urada za delo uradno obvesti vse članice Mednarodne organizacije dela o registraciji vseh ratifikacij in odpovedi, ki so mu jih poslale članice organizacije. 2. Ko generalni direktor uradno obvesti članice organizacije o registraciji druge ratifikacije, ki mu je bila poslana, jih opozori na datum začetka veljavnosti te konvencije.

Generalni direktor Mednarodnega urada za delo sporoči generalnemu sekretarju Združenih narodov vse podatke o vseh ratifikacijah in odpovedih, ki jih je registriral v skladu z določbami prejšnjih členov, zaradi registracije v skladu s 102. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov.

Administrativni svet Mednarodnega urada za delo predloži Generalni konferenci poročilo o uporabi te konvencije, kadar koli meni, da je to potrebno, in prouči, ali je primerno na dnevni red konference uvrstiti vprašanje njene celotne ali delne spremembe.

1. Če konferenca sprejme novo konvencijo, ki to konvencijo v celoti ali delno spreminja, in če z novo konvencijo ni drugače določeno, (a) nova spremenjena konvencija, ki jo ratificirajo posamezne članice, povzroči ipso iure takojšnjo odpoved te konvencije ne glede na določbe 11. člena zgoraj, če in ko nova spremenjena konvencija začne veljati; (b) od dneva, ko začne veljati nova spremenjena konvencija, ta konvencija članicam ni več na voljo za ratifikacijo. 2. Ta konvencija vsekakor še naprej velja v svoji sedanji obliki in vsebini za tiste članice, ki so jo ratificirale, niso pa ratificirale spremenjene konvencije.

Angleška in francoska različica besedila te konvencije sta enako verodostojni.

Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve.

Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe. Št. 542-01/01-5/1 Ljubljana, dne 2. marca 2001 Predsednik Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije Borut Pahor l. r.