Zakon o ratifikaciji Konvencije o varstvu zahtevkov delavcev v primeru insolventnosti njihovega delodajalca (Konvencija ILO št. 173) (MKVZDI)

Ratificira se Konvencija Mednarodne organizacije dela št. 173 o varstvu zahtevkov delavcev v primeru insolventnosti njihovega delodajalca (Konvencija ILO št. 173), sprejeta v Ženevi 23. junija 1992.

Konvencija se v izvirniku v angleškem jeziku in v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: Convention 173 The General Conference of the International Labour Organisation, Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labour Office, and having met in its 79th Session on 3 June 1992, and Stressing the importance of the protection of workers’ claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer and recalling the provisions on this subject in Article 11 of the Protection of Wages Convention, 1949, and Article 11 of the Workmen’s Compensation (Accidents) Convention, 1925, and Noting that, since the adoption of the Protection of Wages Convention, 1949, greater value has been placed on the rehabilitation of insolvent enterprises and that, because of the social and economic consequences of insolvency, efforts should be made where possible to rehabilitate enterprises and safeguard employment, and Noting that since the adoption of the aforementioned standards, significant developments have taken place in the law and practice of many Members which have improved the protection of workers’ claims in the event of insolvency of their employer, and considering that it would be timely for the Conference to adopt new standards on the subject of workers’ claims, and Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the protection of workers’ claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer, which is the fourth item on the agenda of the session, and Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an international Convention; adopts this twenty-third day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and ninety-two the following Convention, which may be cited as the Protection of Workers’ Claims (Employer’s Insolvency) Convention, 1992. 1. For the purposes of this Convention, the term insolvency refers to situations in which, in accordance with national law and practice, proceedings have been opened relating to an employer’s assets with a view to the collective reimbursement of its creditors. 2. For the purposes of this Convention, a Member may extend the term “insolvency“ to other situations in which workers’ claims cannot be paid by reason of the financial situation of the employer, for example where the amount of the employer’s assets is recognised as being insufficient to justify the opening of insolvency proceedings. 3. The extent to which an employer’s assets are subject to the proceedings referred to in paragraph 1 above shall be determined by national laws, regulations or practice. The provisions of this Convention shall be applied by means of laws or regulations or by any other means consistent with national practice. 1. A Member which ratifies this Convention shall accept either the obligations of Part II, providing for the protection of workers’ claims by means of a privilege, or the obligations of Part III, providing for the protection of workers’ claims by a guarantee institution, or the obligations of both Parts. This choice shall be indicated in a declaration accompanying its ratification. 2. A Member which has initially accepted only Part II or only Part III of this Convention may thereafter, by a declaration communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office, extend its acceptance to the other Part. 3. A Member which accepts the obligations of both Parts of this Convention may, after consulting the most representative organisations of employers and workers, limit the application of Part III to certain categories of workers and to certain branches of economic activity. Such limitations shall be specified in the declaration of acceptance. 4. A Member which has limited its acceptance of the obligations of Part III in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall, in its first report under article 22 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation, give the reasons for limiting its acceptance. In subsequent reports it shall provide information on any extension of the protection under Part III of this Convention to other categories of workers or other branches of economic activity. 5. A Member which has accepted the obligations of Parts II and III of this Convention may, after consulting the most representative organisations of employers and workers, exclude from the application of Part II those claims which are protected pursuant to Part III. 6. Acceptance by a Member of the obligations of Part II of this Convention shall ipso jure involve the termination of its obligations under Article 11 of the Protection of Wages Convention, 1949. 7. A Member which has accepted only the obligations of Part III of this Convention may, by a declaration communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office, terminate its obligations under Article 11 of the Protection of Wages Convention, 1949, in respect of those claims which are protected pursuant to Part III. 1. Subject to the exceptions provided for in paragraph 2 below, and to any limitations specified in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 3, this Convention shall apply to all employees and to all branches of economic activity. 2. The competent authority, after consulting the most representative organisations of employers and workers, may exclude from Part II, Part III or both Parts of this Convention specific categories of workers, in particular public employees, by reason of the particular nature of their employment relationship, or if there are other types of guarantee affording them protection equivalent to that provided by the Convention. 3. A Member availing itself of the exceptions provided for in paragraph 2 above shall, in its reports under article 22 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation, provide information on such exceptions, giving the reasons therefor. In the event of an employer’s insolvency, workers’ claims arising out of their employment shall be protected by a privilege so that they are paid out of the assets of the insolvent employer before non-privileged creditors can be paid their share. The privilege shall cover at least: (a) the workers’ claims for wages relating to a prescribed period, which shall not be less than three months, prior to the insolvency or prior to the termination of the employment; (b) the workers’ claims for holiday pay due as a result of work performed during the year in which the insolvency or the termination of the employment occurred, and in the preceding year; (c) the workers’ claims for amounts due in respect of other types of paid absence relating to a prescribed period, which shall not be less than three months, prior to the insolvency or prior to the termination of the employment; (d) severance pay due to workers upon termination of their employment. 1. National laws or regulations may limit the protection by privilege of workers’ claims to a prescribed amount, which shall not be below a socially acceptable level. 2. Where the privilege afforded to workers’ claims is so limited, the prescribed amount shall be adjusted as necessary so as to maintain its value. 1. National laws or regulations shall give workers’ claims a higher rank of privilege than most other privileged claims, and in particular those of the State and the social security system. 2. However, where workers’ claims are protected by a guarantee institution in accordance with Part III of this Convention, the claims so protected may be given a lower rank of privilege than those of the State and the social security system. The payment of workers’ claims against their employer arising out of their employment shall be guaranteed through a guarantee institution when payment cannot be made by the employer because of insolvency. In giving effect to this Part of the Convention, a Member may, after consulting the most representative organisations of employers and workers, adopt appropriate measures for the purpose of preventing possible abuse. 1. The organisation, management, operation and financing of wage guarantee institutions shall be determined pursuant to Article 2. 2. The preceding paragraph shall not prevent a Member, in accordance with its particular characteristics and needs, from allowing insurance companies to provide the protection referred to in Article 9, as long as they offer sufficient guarantees. The workers’ claims protected pursuant to this Part of the Convention shall include at least: (a) the workers’ claims for wages relating to a prescribed period, which shall not be less than eight weeks, prior to the insolvency or prior to the termination of the employment; (b) the workers’ claims for holiday pay due as a result of work performed during a prescribed period, which shall not be less than six months, prior to the insolvency or prior to the termination of the employment; (c) the workers’ claims for amounts due in respect of other types of paid absence relating to a prescribed period, which shall not be less than eight weeks, prior to the insolvency or prior to the termination of employment; (d) severance pay due to workers upon termination of their employment. 1. Claims protected pursuant to this Part of the Convention may be limited to a prescribed amount, which shall not be below a socially acceptable level. 2. Where the claims protected are so limited, the prescribed amount shall be adjusted as necessary so as to maintain its value. This Convention revises the Protection of Wages Convention, 1949, to the extent provided for in Article 3, paragraphs 6 and 7 above, but does not close that Convention to further ratifications. The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. 1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the International Labour Organisation whose ratifications have been registered with the Director-General. 2. It shall come into force twelve months after the date on which the ratifications of two Members have been registered with the Director-General. 3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member twelve months after the date on which its ratification has been registered. 1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered. 2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not, within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation provided for in this Article, will be bound for another period of ten years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article. 1. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall notify all Members of the International Labour Organisation of the registration of all ratifications and denunciations communicated to him by the Members of the Organisation. 2. When notifying the Members of the Organisation of the registration of the second ratification communicated to him, the Director-General shall draw the attention of the Members of the Organisation to the date upon which the Convention will come into force. The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for registration in accordance with article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by him in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles. At such times as it may consider necessary, the Governing Body of the International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of its revision in whole or in part. 1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise provides (a) the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 17 above, if and when the new revising Convention shall have come into force; (b) as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into force this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the Members. 2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not ratified the revising Convention. The English and French versions of the text of this Convention are equally authoritative. Konvencija št. 173 Generalna konferenca Mednarodne organizacije dela, ki jo je v Ženevi sklical Administrativni svet Mednarodnega urada za delo in se je 3. junija 1992 sestala na svojem 79. zasedanju, je poudarila pomen varstva zahtevkov delavcev v primeru insolventnosti njihovega delodajalca ter opozorila na s tem povezane določbe 11. člena Konvencije o varstvu plač, 1949, in 11. člena Konvencije o odškodnini z nesreče pri delu, 1925, in upoštevala, da se od sprejema Konvencije o varstvu plač, 1949, daje vse večji poudarek sanaciji insolventnih podjetij in da bi bilo zaradi socialnih in gospodarskih posledic insolventnosti treba storiti vse, kadar je mogoče sanirati podjetje in ohraniti delovna mesta, in upoštevala, da je bil od sprejema prej omenjenih standardov dosežen bistven napredek v zakonodaji in praksi številnih članic, kar je izboljšalo varstvo zahtevkov delavcev v primeru insolventnosti njihovega delodajalca, ter upoštevala, da bi bilo primerno, da konferenca sprejme nove standarde za zahtevke delavcev, in sklenila, da sprejme nekatere predloge za varstvo zahtevkov delavcev v primeru insolventnosti njihovega delodajalca, kar je četrta točka dnevnega reda zasedanja, ter določila, da so ti predlogi v obliki mednarodne konvencije, sprejema triindvajsetega junija tisoč devetsto dvaindevetdeset to konvencijo, ki se imenuje Konvencija o varstvu zahtevkov delavcev v primeru insolventnosti delodajalca, 1992.

1. V tej konvenciji pomeni izraz “insolventnost“ stanja, zaradi katerih se v skladu z notranjo zakonodajo in prakso začnejo postopki za kolektivno poravnavo obveznosti do delodajalčevih upnikov iz premoženja delodajalca. 2. Po tej konvenciji lahko vsaka članica izraz “insolventnost“ razširi še na druga stanja, ko zahtevkov delavcev ni mogoče izpolnjevati zaradi finančnega položaja delodajalca, na primer, kadar se vrednost delodajalčevega premoženja spozna za nezadostno za utemeljenost začetka postopka za insolventnost. 3. Obseg, do katerega veljajo za delodajalčevo premoženje postopki iz prvega odstavka zgoraj, se določi z notranjimi zakoni, predpisi in prakso.

Določbe te konvencije se uresničujejo z zakoni ali predpisi ali na kakršen koli drug način, ki je v skladu z notranjo prakso.

1. Članica, ki ratificira to konvencijo, mora sprejeti bodisi obveznosti iz II. dela, ki zagotavlja varstvo zahtevkov delavcev s prednostno pravico, bodisi obveznosti iz III. dela, ki zagotavlja varstvo zahtevkov delavcev z jamstveno ustanovo, bodisi obveznosti iz obeh delov. Izbiro sprejetih obveznosti je treba navesti v izjavi ob ratifikaciji. 2. Članica, ki je sprva sprejela le obveznosti iz II. ali III. dela te konvencije, lahko kasneje z izjavo, poslano generalnemu direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo, razširi sprejete obveznosti še na drugi del. 3. Članica, ki sprejme obveznosti iz obeh delov te konvencije, lahko po posvetu z najbolj reprezentativnimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev omeji uporabo III. dela na določene kategorije delavcev in določene gospodarske panoge. Te omejitve je treba posebej navesti v izjavi o sprejetju. 4. Članica, ki je omejila svoje obveznosti iz III. dela v skladu s tretjim odstavkom zgoraj, mora v prvem poročilu, ki ga predloži po 22. členu Ustave Mednarodne organizacije dela, navesti razloge za omejitve. V kasnejših poročilih mora dati informacije o kakršni koli razširitvi varstva iz III. dela te konvencije na druge kategorije delavcev ali druge gospodarske panoge. 5. Članica, ki je sprejela obveznosti iz II. dela in III. dela te konvencije, lahko po posvetu z najbolj reprezentativnimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev izloči iz uporabe tiste zahteve II. dela, ko so zavarovane po III. delu. 6. Ko članica sprejme obveznosti iz II. dela te konvencije, zanjo ipso iure prenehajo obveznosti po 11. členu Konvencije o varstvu plač, 1949. 7. Članica, ki je sprejela le obveznosti iz III. dela te konvencije, lahko preneha izpolnjevati obveznosti po 11. členu Konvencije o varstvu plač, 1949, glede tistih zahtevkov, ki so zavarovani po III. delu, in izjavo o tem pošlje generalnemu direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo.

1. Ta konvencija velja za vse delavce in za vse gospodarske panoge, upoštevaje izjeme, predvidene v drugem odstavku spodaj, in kakršne koli omejitve, določene v skladu s tretjim odstavkom 3. člena. 2. Pristojni organ lahko po posvetu z najbolj reprezentativnimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev izloči iz II. ali III. dela ali iz obeh delov te konvencije določene kategorije delavcev, predvsem javne uslužbence, zaradi posebne narave njihovega delovnega razmerja ali zaradi drugih vrst jamstev, ki jim omogočajo enakovredno varstvo, kot je zagotovljeno po tej konvenciji. 3. Članica, ki uporabi izjeme, predvidene v drugem odstavku zgoraj, mora v svojih poročilih po 22. členu Ustave Mednarodne organizacije dela sporočiti podatke o takšnih izjemah in jih utemeljiti

V primeru delodajalčeve insolventnosti je treba zahtevke delavcev, ki izhajajo iz njihove zaposlitve, zavarovati s prednostno pravico, tako da se izplačajo iz premoženja insolventnega delodajalca, še preden se izplačajo deleži upnikom brez prednostne pravice.

Prednostna pravica zajema vsaj: (a) zahtevke delavcev za izplačilo plač za predpisano obdobje, ki ne sme biti krajše od zadnjih treh mesecev pred insolventnostjo delodajalca ali pred prenehanjem zaposlitve; (b) zahtevke delavcev za plačilo za dopust, ki izhajajo iz dela, opravljenega med letom, v katerem je prišlo do insolventnosti ali prenehanja zaposlitve, in v preteklem letu; (c) zahtevke delavcev za denarna nadomestila za druge oblike plačane odsotnosti v predpisanem obdobju, ki ne sme biti krajše od zadnjih treh mesecev pred insolventnostjo delodajalca ali pred prenehanjem zaposlitve; (d) izplačilo odpravnine delavcem ob prenehanju njihove zaposlitve.

1. Z notranjimi zakoni in predpisi se lahko omeji varstvo zahtevkov delavcev s prednostno pravico na predpisano višino, ki ne sme biti nižja od socialno sprejemljive ravni. 2. Kadar je prednostna pravica za zahtevke delavcev tako omejena, se mora njena višina po potrebi usklajevati, da bi ohranila svojo vrednost.

1. Z notranjimi zakoni in predpisi se mora zahtevkom delavcev določiti višja stopnja prednostne pravice kakor večini drugim prednostnim zahtevkom, še zlasti zahtevkom države in sistema socialne varnosti. 2. Kadar pa so zahtevki delavcev varovani z jamstveno ustanovo v skladu s III. delom te konvencije, se sme tako varovanim zahtevkom določiti nižja stopnja prednostne pravice kakor zahtevkom države in sistema socialne varnosti.

Kadar delodajalec zaradi svoje insolventnosti plačila ni sposoben poravnati sam, se plačilo zahtevkov delavcev, ki jih imajo do svojega delodajalca in ki izhajajo iz njihove zaposlitve, zagotovi s posredovanjem jamstvene ustanove.

Pri izvajanju tega dela konvencije lahko članica po posvetu z najbolj reprezentativnimi organizacijami delodajalcev in delavcev sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za preprečitev možnih zlorab.

1. Organiziranje, vodenje, delovanje in financiranje jamstvenih ustanov za plače je treba določiti v skladu z 2. členom. 2. Prejšnji odstavek ne preprečuje članicam, da glede na svoje posebne značilnosti in potrebe dovolijo zavarovalnicam, da zagotovijo varstvo, omenjeno v 9. členu, pod pogojem, da dajejo zadostno jamstvo.

Zahtevki delavcev, ki so varovani na podlagi tega dela konvencije, vključujejo vsaj: (a) zahtevke delavcev za izplačilo plač za predpisano obdobje, ki ne sme biti krajše od zadnjih osmih tednov pred insolventnostjo delodajalca ali pred prenehanjem zaposlitve; (b) zahtevke delavcev za plačilo za dopust, ki izhajajo iz dela, opravljenega v predpisanem obdobju, ki ne sme biti krajše od zadnjih šestih mesecev pred insolventnostjo delodajalca ali prenehanjem zaposlitve; (c) zahtevke delavcev za denarna nadomestila za druge oblike plačane odsotnosti v predpisanem obdobju, ki ne sme biti krajše od zadnjih osmih tednov pred insolventnostjo delodajalca ali pred prenehanjem zaposlitve; (d) izplačilo odpravnine delavcem ob prenehanju njihove zaposlitve.

1. Zahtevki, ki so varovani na podlagi tega dela konvencije, se lahko omejijo na predpisano višino, ki ne sme biti nižja od socialno sprejemljive ravni. 2. Kadar so zahtevki tako omejeni, se mora predpisana višina po potrebi usklajevati, da bi ohranila svoje vrednosti.

Ta konvencija spreminja Konvencijo o varstvu plač, 1949, v obsegu, določenem v šestem in sedmem odstavku 3. člena zgoraj, vendar je ta konvencija še na voljo za ratifikacijo.

Listine o ratifikaciji te konvencije se pošljejo generalnemu direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo v registracijo.

1. Ta konvencija zavezuje samo tiste članice Mednarodne organizacije dela, katerih registracije so registrirane pri generalnem direktorju. 2. Veljati začne dvanajst mesecev po dnevu, ko sta bili pri generalnem direktorju registrirani ratifikaciji dveh članic. 3. Nato začne ta konvencija veljati za vsako članico dvanajst mesecev po dnevu, ko je bila ratifikacija registrirana.

1. Članica, ki je ratificirala to konvencijo, jo lahko odpove po preteku desetih let po dnevu, ko je prvič začela veljati, z aktom, ki ga pošlje v registracijo generalnemu direktorju Mednarodnega urada za delo. Taka odpoved začne učinkovati šele eno leto po dnevu, ko je bila registrirana. 2. Vsaka članica, ki je ratificirala to konvencijo in v enem letu po izteku desetletnega obdobja iz prejšnjega odstavka ne uveljavi pravice do odpovedi po tem členu, ostane zavezana za naslednje desetletno obdobje, potem pa jo lahko pod pogoji iz tega člena odpove po izteku vsakega desetletnega obdobja.

1. Generalni direktor Mednarodnega urada za delo uradno obvesti vse članice Mednarodne organizacije dela o registraciji vseh ratifikacij in odpovedi, ki so mu jih poslale članice organizacije. 2. Ko generalni direktor uradno obvesti članice organizacije o registraciji druge ratifikacije, ki mu je bila poslana, jih opozori na datum začetka veljavnosti te konvencije.

Generalni direktor Mednarodnega urada za delo sporoči generalnemu sekretarju Združenih narodov vse podatke o vseh ratifikacijah in odpovedih, ki jih je registriral v skladu z določbami prejšnjih členov, zaradi registracije v skladu s 102. členom Ustanovne listine Združenih narodov.

Administrativni svet Mednarodnega urada za delo predloži Generalni konferenci poročilo o uporabi te konvencije, kadar koli meni, da je to potrebno, in prouči, ali je primerno na dnevni red konference uvrstiti vprašanje njene celotne ali delne spremembe.

1. Če konferenca sprejme novo konvencijo, ki to konvencijo v celoti ali delno spreminja, in če z novo konvencijo ni drugače določeno, (a) nova spremenjena konvencija, ki jo ratificirajo posamezne članice, povzroči ipso iure takojšnjo odpoved te konvencije ne glede na določbe 17. člena zgoraj, če in ko nova spremenjena konvencija začne veljati; (b) od dneva, ko začne veljati nova spremenjena konvencija, ta konvencija članicam ni več na voljo za ratifikacijo. 2. Ta konvencija vsekakor še naprej velja v svoji sedanji obliki in vsebini za tiste članice, ki so jo ratificirale, niso pa ratificirale spremenjene konvencije.

Angleška in francoska različica besedila te konvencije sta enako verodostojni.

V skladu s prvim odstavkom 3. člena Konvencije sprejema Republika Slovenija obveznosti iz III. dela Konvencije, ki zagotavljajo varstvo zahtevkov delavcev z jamstveno ustanovo.

Za izvajanje konvencije skrbi Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve.

Ta zakon začne veljati naslednji dan po objavi v Uradnem listu Republike Slovenije – Mednarodne pogodbe. Št. 540-01/00-20/1 Ljubljana, dne 31. januarja 2001 Predsednik Državnega zbora Republike Slovenije Borut Pahor l. r.