2. člen MKKK

Kazenskopravna konvencija se v angleškem jeziku in v prevodu v slovenskem jeziku glasi: The member States of the Council of Europe and the other States signatory hereto, Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members; Recognising the value of fostering co-operation with the other States signatories to this Convention; Convinced of the need to pursue, as a matter of priority, a common criminal policy aimed at the protection of society against corruption, including the adoption of appropriate legislation and preventive measures; Emphasising that corruption threatens the rule of law, democracy and human rights, undermines good governance, fairness and social justice, distorts competition, hinders economic development and endangers the stability of democratic institutions and the moral foundations of society; Believing that an effective fight against corruption requires increased, rapid and well-functioning international co-operation in criminal matters; Welcoming recent developments which further advance international understanding and co-operation in combating corruption, including actions of the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organisation, the Organisation of American States, the OECD and the European Union; Having regard to the Programme of Action against Corruption adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in November 1996 following the recommendations of the 19th Conference of European Ministers of Justice (Valletta, 1994); Recalling in this respect the importance of the participation of non-member States in the Council of Europe’s activities against corruption and welcoming their valuable contribution to the implementation of the Programme of Action against Corruption; Further recalling that Resolution No. 1 adopted by the European Ministers of Justice at their 21st Conference (Prague, 1997) recommended the speedy implementation of the Programme of Action against Corruption, and called, in particular, for the early adoption of a criminal law convention providing for the co-ordinated incrimination of corruption offences, enhanced co-operation for the prosecution of such offences as well as an effective follow-up mechanism open to member States and non-member States on an equal footing; Bearing in mind that the Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe decided, on the occasion of their Second Summit held in Strasbourg on 10 and 11 October 1997, to seek common responses to the challenges posed by the growth in corruption and adopted an Action Plan which, in order to promote co-operation in the fight against corruption, including its links with organised crime and money laundering, instructed the Committee of Ministers, inter alia, to secure the rapid completion of international legal instruments pursuant to the Programme of Action against Corruption; Considering moreover that Resolution

(97)24 on the 20 Guiding Principles for the Fight against Corruption, adopted on 6 November 1997 by the Committee of Ministers at its 101st Session, stresses the need rapidly to complete the elaboration of international legal instruments pursuant to the Programme of Action against Corruption; In view of the adoption by the Committee of Ministers, at its 102nd Session on 4 May 1998, of Resolution

(98)7 authorising the partial and enlarged agreement establishing the “Group of States against Corruption – GRECO“, which aims at improving the capacity of its members to fight corruption by following up compliance with their undertakings in this field, Have agreed as follows: For the purposes of this Convention: a “public official“ shall be understood by reference to the definition of “official“, “public officer“, “mayor“, “minister“ or “judge“ in the national law of the State in which the person in question performs that function and as applied in its criminal law; b the term “judge“ referred to in sub-paragraph a above shall include prosecutors and holders of judicial offices; c in the case of proceedings involving a public official of another State, the prosecuting State may apply the definition of public official only insofar as that definition is compatible with its national law; d “legal person“ shall mean any entity having such status under the applicable national law, except for States or other public bodies in the exercise of State authority and for public international organisations. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intentionally, the promising, offering or giving by any person, directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage to any of its public officials, for himself or herself or for anyone else, for him or her to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her functions. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intentionally, the request or receipt by any of its public officials, directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage, for himself or herself or for anyone else, or the acceptance of an offer or a promise of such an advantage, to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her functions. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in Articles 2 and 3, when involving any person who is a member of any domestic public assembly exercising legislative or administrative powers. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in Articles 2 and 3, when involving a public official of any other State. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in Articles 2 and 3, when involving any person who is a member of any public assembly exercising legislative or administrative powers in any other State. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intentionally in the course of business activity, the promising, offering or giving, directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage to any persons who direct or work for, in any capacity, private sector entities, for themselves or for anyone else, for them to act, or refrain from acting, in breach of their duties. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intentionally, in the course of business activity, the request or receipt, directly or indirectly, by any persons who direct or work for, in any capacity, private sector entities, of any undue advantage or the promise thereof for themselves or for anyone else, or the acceptance of an offer or a promise of such an advantage, to act or refrain from acting in breach of their duties. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in Articles 2 and 3, when involving any official or other contracted employee, within the meaning of the staff regulations, of any public international or supranational organisation or body of which the Party is a member, and any person, whether seconded or not, carrying out functions corresponding to those performed by such officials or agents. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in Article 4 when involving any members of parliamentary assemblies of international or supranational organisations of which the Party is a member. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in Articles 2 and 3 involving any holders of judicial office or officials of any international court whose jurisdiction is accepted by the Party. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intentionally, the promising, giving or offering, directly or indirectly, of any undue advantage to anyone who asserts or confirms that he or she is able to exert an improper influence over the decision-making of any person referred to in Articles 2, 4 to 6 and 9 to 11 in consideration thereof, whether the undue advantage is for himself or herself or for anyone else, as well as the request, receipt or the acceptance of the offer or the promise of such an advantage, in consideration of that influence, whether or not the influence is exerted or whether or not the supposed influence leads to the intended result. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law the conduct referred to in the Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Products from Crime (ETS No. 141), Article 6, paragraphs 1 and 2, under the conditions referred to therein, when the predicate offence consists of any of the criminal offences established in accordance with Articles 2 to 12 of this Convention, to the extent that the Party has not made a reservation or a declaration with respect to these offences or does not consider such offences as serious ones for the purpose of their money laundering legislation. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as offences liable to criminal or other sanctions under its domestic law the following acts or omissions, when committed intentionally, in order to commit, conceal or disguise the offences referred to in Articles 2 to 12, to the extent the Party has not made a reservation or a declaration: a creating or using an invoice or any other accounting document or record containing false or incomplete information; b unlawfully omitting to make a record of a payment. Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law aiding or abetting the commission of any of the criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention. The provisions of this Convention shall be without prejudice to the provisions of any Treaty, Protocol or Statute, as well as their implementing texts, as regards the withdrawal of immunity. 1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish jurisdiction over a criminal offence established in accordance with Articles 2 to 14 of this Convention where: a the offence is committed in whole or in part in its territory; b the offender is one of its nationals, one of its public officials, or a member of one of its domestic public assemblies; c the offence involves one of its public officials or members of its domestic public assemblies or any person referred to in Articles 9 to 11 who is at the same time one of its nationals. 2 Each State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, by a declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, declare that it reserves the right not to apply or to apply only in specific cases or conditions the jurisdiction rules laid down in paragraphs 1 b and c of this article or any part thereof. 3 If a Party has made use of the reservation possibility provided for in paragraph 2 of this article, it shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish jurisdiction over a criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention, in cases where an alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him to another Party, solely on the basis of his nationality, after a request for extradition. 4 This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised by a Party in accordance with national law. 1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to ensure that legal persons can be held liable for the criminal offences of active bribery, trading in influence and money laundering established in accordance with this Convention, committed for their benefit by any natural person, acting either individually or as part of an organ of the legal person, who has a leading position within the legal person, based on: – a power of representation of the legal person; or – an authority to take decisions on behalf of the legal person; or – an authority to exercise control within the legal person; as well as for involvement of such a natural person as accessory or instigator in the above-mentioned offences. 2 Apart from the cases already provided for in paragraph 1, each Party shall take the necessary measures to ensure that a legal person can be held liable where the lack of supervision or control by a natural person referred to in paragraph 1 has made possible the commission of the criminal offences mentioned in paragraph 1 for the benefit of that legal person by a natural person under its authority. 3 Liability of a legal person under paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not exclude criminal proceedings against natural persons who are perpetrators, instigators of, or accessories to, the criminal offences mentioned in paragraph 1. 1 Having regard to the serious nature of the criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention, each Party shall provide, in respect of those criminal offences established in accordance with Articles 2 to 14, effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions and measures, including, when committed by natural persons, penalties involving deprivation of liberty which can give rise to extradition. 2 Each Party shall ensure that legal persons held liable in accordance with Article 18, paragraphs 1 and 2, shall be subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive criminal or non-criminal sanctions, including monetary sanctions. 3 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to enable it to confiscate or otherwise deprive the instrumentalities and proceeds of criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention, or property the value of which corresponds to such proceeds. Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to ensure that persons or entities are specialised in the fight against corruption. They shall have the necessary independence in accordance with the fundamental principles of the legal system of the Party, in order for them to be able to carry out their functions effectively and free from any undue pressure. The Party shall ensure that the staff of such entities has adequate training and financial resources for their tasks. Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to ensure that public authorities, as well as any public official, co-operate, in accordance with national law, with those of its authorities responsible for investigating and prosecuting criminal offences: a by informing the latter authorities, on their own initiative, where there are reasonable grounds to believe that any of the criminal offences established in accordance with Articles 2 to 14 has been committed, or b by providing, upon request, to the latter authorities all necessary information. Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to provide effective and appropriate protection for: a those who report the criminal offences established in accordance with Articles 2 to 14 or otherwise co-operate with the investigating or prosecuting authorities; b witnesses who give testimony concerning these offences. 1 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary, including those permitting the use of special investigative techniques, in accordance with national law, to enable it to facilitate the gathering of evidence related to criminal offences established in accordance with Article 2 to 14 of this Convention and to identify, trace, freeze and seize instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption, or property the value of which corresponds to such proceeds, liable to measures set out in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 19 of this Convention. 2 Each Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to empower its courts or other competent authorities to order that bank, financial or commercial records be made available or be seized in order to carry out the actions referred to in paragraph 1 of this article. 3 Bank secrecy shall not be an obstacle to measures provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article. The Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) shall monitor the implementation of this Convention by the Parties. 1 The Parties shall co-operate with each other, in accordance with the provisions of relevant international instruments on international co-operation in criminal matters, or arrangements agreed on the basis of uniform or reciprocal legislation, and in accordance with their national law, to the widest extent possible for the purposes of investigations and proceedings concerning criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention. 2 Where no international instrument or arrangement referred to in paragraph 1 is in force between Parties, Articles 26 to 31 of this chapter shall apply. 3 Articles 26 to 31 of this chapter shall also apply where they are more favourable than those of the international instruments or arrangements referred to in paragraph 1. 1 The Parties shall afford one another the widest measure of mutual assistance by promptly processing requests from authorities that, in conformity with their domestic laws, have the power to investigate or prosecute criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention. 2 Mutual legal assistance under paragraph 1 of this article may be refused if the requested Party believes that compliance with the request would undermine its fundamental interests, national sovereignty, national security or ordre public. 3 Parties shall not invoke bank secrecy as a ground to refuse any co-operation under this chapter. Where its domestic law so requires, a Party may require that a request for co-operation which would involve the lifting of bank secrecy be authorised by either a judge or another judicial authority, including public prosecutors, any of these authorities acting in relation to criminal offences. 1 The criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention shall be deemed to be included as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between or among the Parties. The Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty to be concluded between or among them. 2 If a Party that makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another Party with which it does not have an extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition with respect to any criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention. 3 Parties that do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognise criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention as extraditable offences between themselves. 4 Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for by the law of the requested Party or by applicable extradition treaties, including the grounds on which the requested Party may refuse extradition. 5 If extradition for a criminal offence established in accordance with this Convention is refused solely on the basis of the nationality of the person sought, or because the requested Party deems that it has jurisdiction over the offence, the requested Party shall submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution unless otherwise agreed with the requesting Party, and shall report the final outcome to the requesting Party in due course. Without prejudice to its own investigations or proceedings, a Party may without prior request forward to another Party information on facts when it considers that the disclosure of such information might assist the receiving Party in initiating or carrying out investigations or proceedings concerning criminal offences established in accordance with this Convention or might lead to a request by that Party under this chapter. 1 The Parties shall designate a central authority or, if appropriate, several central authorities, which shall be responsible for sending and answering requests made under this chapter, the execution of such requests or the transmission of them to the authorities competent for their execution. 2 Each Party shall, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, communicate to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe the names and addresses of the authorities designated in pursuance of paragraph 1 of this article. 1 The central authorities shall communicate directly with one another. 2 In the event of urgency, requests for mutual assistance or communications related thereto may be sent directly by the judicial authorities, including public prosecutors, of the requesting Party to such authorities of the requested Party. In such cases a copy shall be sent at the same time to the central authority of the requested Party through the central authority of the requesting Party. 3 Any request or communication under paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article may be made through the International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol). 4 Where a request is made pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article and the authority is not competent to deal with the request, it shall refer the request to the competent national authority and inform directly the requesting Party that it has done so. 5 Requests or communications under paragraph 2 of this article, which do not involve coercive action, may be directly transmitted by the competent authorities of the requesting Party to the competent authorities of the requested Party. 6 Each State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, inform the Secretary General of the Council of Europe that, for reasons of efficiency, requests made under this chapter are to be addressed to its central authority. The requested Party shall promptly inform the requesting Party of the action taken on a request under this chapter and the final result of that action. The requested Party shall also promptly inform the requesting Party of any circumstances which render impossible the carrying out of the action sought or are likely to delay it significantly. 1 This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe and by non-member States which have participated in its elaboration. Such States may express their consent to be bound by: a signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval; or b signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval. 2 Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. 3 This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date on which fourteenth States have expressed their consent to be bound by the Convention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1. Any such State, which is not a member of the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) at the time of ratification, shall automatically become a member on the date the Convention enters into force. 4 In respect of any signatory State which subsequently expresses its consent to be bound by it, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of the expression of their consent to be bound by the Convention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1. Any signatory State, which is not a member of the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) at the time of ratification, shall automatically become a member on the date the Convention enters into force in its respect. 1 After the entry into force of this Convention, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, after consulting the Contracting States to the Convention, may invite the European Community as well as any State not a member of the Council and not having participated in its elaboration to accede to this Convention, by a decision taken by the majority provided for in Article 20d of the Statute of the Council of Europe and by the unanimous vote of the representatives of the Contracting States entitled to sit on the Committee of Ministers. 2 In respect of the European Community and any State acceding to it under paragraph 1 above, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of deposit of the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The European Community and any State acceding to this Convention shall automatically become a member of GRECO, if it is not already a member at the time of accession, on the date the Convention enters into force in its respect. 1 Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories to which this Convention shall apply. 2 Any Party may, at any later date, by a declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified in the declaration. In respect of such territory the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of such declaration by the Secretary General. 3 Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs may, in respect of any territory specified in such declaration, be withdrawn by a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The withdrawal shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of such notification by the Secretary General. 1 This Convention does not affect the rights and undertakings derived from international multilateral conventions concerning special matters. 2 The Parties to the Convention may conclude bilateral or multilateral agreements with one another on the matters dealt with in this Convention, for purposes of supplementing or strengthening its provisions or facilitating the application of the principles embodied in it. 3 If two or more Parties have already concluded an agreement or treaty in respect of a subject which is dealt with in this Convention or otherwise have established their relations in respect of that subject, they shall be entitled to apply that agreement or treaty or to regulate those relations accordingly, in lieu of the present Convention, if it facilitates international co-operation. Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that it will establish as criminal offences the active and passive bribery of foreign public officials under Article 5, of officials of international organisations under Article 9 or of judges and officials of international courts under Article 11, only to the extent that the public official or judge acts or refrains from acting in breach of his duties. 1 Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, reserve its right not to establish as a criminal offence under its domestic law, in part or in whole, the conduct referred to in Articles 4, 6 to 8, 10 and 12 or the passive bribery offences defined in Article 5. 2 Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that it avails itself of the reservation provided for in Article 17, paragraph 2. 3 Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that it may refuse mutual legal assistance under Article 26, paragraph 1, if the request concerns an offence which the requested Party considers a political offence. 4 No State may, by application of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article, enter reservations to more than five of the provisions mentioned thereon. No other reservation may be made. Reservations of the same nature with respect to Articles 4, 6 and 10 shall be considered as one reservation. 1 Declarations referred to in Article 36 and reservations referred to in Article 37 shall be valid for a period of three years from the day of the entry into force of this Convention in respect of the State concerned. However, such declarations and reservations may be renewed for periods of the same duration. 2 Twelve months before the date of expiry of the declaration or reservation, the Secretariat General of the Council of Europe shall give notice of that expiry to the State concerned. No latter than three months before the expiry, the State shall notify the Secretary General that it is upholding, amending or withdrawing its declaration or reservation. In the absence of a notification by the State concerned, the Secretariat General shall inform that State that its declaration or reservation is considered to have been extended automatically for a period of six months. Failure by the State concerned to notify its intention to uphold or modify its declaration or reservation before the expiry of that period shall cause the declaration or reservation to lapse. 3 If a Party makes a declaration or a reservation in conformity with Articles 36 and 37, it shall provide, before its renewal or upon request, an explanation to GRECO, on the grounds justifying its continuance. 1 Amendments to this Convention may be proposed by any Party, and shall be communicated by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe to the member States of the Council of Europe and to every non-member State which has acceded to, or has been invited to accede to, this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 33. 2 Any amendment proposed by a Party shall be communicated to the European Committee on Crime Problems (CDPC), which shall submit to the Committee of Ministers its opinion on that proposed amendment. 3 The Committee of Ministers shall consider the proposed amendment and the opinion submitted by the CDPC and, following consultation of the non-member States Parties to this Convention, may adopt the amendment. 4 The text of any amendment adopted by the Committee of Ministers in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article shall be forwarded to the Parties for acceptance. 5 Any amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article shall come into force on the thirtieth day after all Parties have informed the Secretary General of their acceptance thereof. 1 The European Committee on Crime Problems of the Council of Europe shall be kept informed regarding the interpretation and application of this Convention. 2 In case of a dispute between Parties as to the interpretation or application of this Convention, they shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other peaceful means of their choice, including submission of the dispute to the European Committee on Crime Problems, to an arbitral tribunal whose decisions shall be binding upon the Parties, or to the International Court of Justice, as agreed upon by the Parties concerned. 1 Any Party may, at any time, denounce this Convention by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. 2 Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council of Europe and any State which has acceded to this Convention of: a any signature; b the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession; c any date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Articles 32 and 33; d any declaration or reservation made under Article 36 or Article 37; e any other act, notification or communication relating to this Convention. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention. Done at Strasbourg, this 27th of January 1999, in English and in French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to the non-member States which have participated in the elaboration of this Convention, and to any State invited to accede to it. Države članice Sveta Evrope ter druge države, ki so podpisnice te konvencije, so se ob upoštevanju dejstva, da je cilj Sveta Evrope doseči večjo enotnost med njegovimi članicami; ob priznavanju pomembnosti razvijanja sodelovanja z drugimi državami podpisnicami te konvencije; prepričane o nujnosti izvajanja splošne kazenske politike kot prednostne zadeve za zaščito družbe pred korupcijo, vključno s sprejetjem ustrezne zakonodaje in preventivnih ukrepov; ob poudarjanju dejstva, da korupcija ogroža načelo pravne države, demokracijo in človekove pravice, spodkopava dobro upravljanje, poštenost in socialne pravice, izkrivlja konkurenco, ovira gospodarski razvoj in ogroža stabilnost demokratičnih ustanov in moralnih temeljev družbe; prepričane, da učinkovit boj proti korupciji zahteva povečano, hitro in dobro delujoče mednarodno sodelovanje pri kazenskih zadevah; ob odobravanju razvoja v zadnjem času, ki nadalje pospešuje mednarodno razumevanje in sodelovanje v boju s korupcijo, vključno z dejavnostmi Združenih narodov, Svetovne banke, Mednarodnega denarnega sklada, Svetovne trgovinske organizacije, Organizacije ameriških držav, OECD in Evropske unije; ob upoštevanju Akcijskega programa proti korupciji, ki ga je Odbor ministrov Sveta Evrope sprejel novembra 1996 po priporočilih 19. konference evropskih ministrov za pravosodje (La Valetta, 1994); ob sklicevanju na pomen sodelovanja držav nečlanic pri dejavnostih Sveta Evrope proti korupciji in ob odobravanju njihovega dragocenega prispevka k izvajanju Akcijskega programa proti korupciji; ob nadaljnjem sklicevanju na Resolucijo št. 1, sprejeto na 21. konferenci evropskih pravosodnih ministrov (Praga, 1997), ki je priporočila pospešeno izvajanje Akcijskega programa proti korupciji in je zlasti zahtevala, naj se sprejme kazenskopravna konvencija, ki bi zagotavljala usklajeno inkriminacijo korupcijskih kaznivih dejanj, povečano sodelovanje pri preganjanju takih kaznivih dejanj kakor tudi učinkovit mehanizem za njihovo nadaljnjo obravnavo, ki je enakopravno na razpolago državam članicam in nečlanicam; ob upoštevanju dejstva, da so se predsedniki držav in vlad Sveta Evrope na svojem drugem vrhu, ki je bil 10. in 11. oktobra 1997 v Strasbourgu, odločili, da poiščejo skupne odgovore na izzive, ki jih postavlja naraščanje korupcije, in sprejeli Akcijski načrt, ki je za pospešitev sodelovanja v boju proti korupciji, vključno s povezavami z organiziranim kriminalom in pranjem denarja, Odboru ministrov med drugim svetoval, da zagotovi hitro dokončanje mednarodnopravnih dokumentov v skladu z Akcijskim programom proti korupciji; nadalje, ob upoštevanju dejstva, da Resolucija

(97)24 o 20 vodilnih načelih boja proti korupciji, ki jo je Odbor ministrov sprejel 6. novembra 1997 na svoji 101. seji, poudarja nujnost hitrega dokončanja priprave mednarodnopravnih dokumentov v skladu z Akcijskim programom proti korupciji; glede na sprejem Resolucije

(98)7, ki jo je sprejel Odbor ministrov na svoji 102. seji 4. maja 1998, ki dovoljuje delni in razširjeni sporazum o ustanovitvi “Skupine držav proti korupciji GRECO“, ki želi izboljšati sposobnost svojih članic za boj proti korupciji ob upoštevanju skladnosti z njihovimi prizadevanji na tem področju, sporazumele, kot sledi: Za namene te konvencije: a) se “javni uslužbenec“ razume, kot so izrazi “funkcionar“, “uradnik“, “župan“, “minister“ ali “sodnik“ opredeljeni v notranjem pravu države, v kateri ta oseba opravlja določeno funkcijo, in kot se uporablja v njenem kazenskem pravu; b) izraz “sodnik“, naveden v pododstavku a) zgoraj, vključuje tožilce in nosilce sodnih funkcij; c) pri postopkih, ki vključujejo javne uslužbence druge države, lahko država tožnica uporabi izraz javni uslužbenec samo, če je tak izraz v skladu z njenim notranjim pravom; d) “pravna oseba“ pomeni subjekt, ki ima tak status po veljavnem notranjem pravu, razen držav ali drugih teles, ki imajo javna pooblastila, in javnih mednarodnih organizacij. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje, če je storjeno naklepno, neposredno ali posredno obljubljanje, ponujanje ali dajanje nedovoljenih koristi njenim javnim uslužbencem s strani katere koli osebe, zanje ali za kogar koli drugega, da bi opravili uradno dejanje ali da ga ne bi opravili. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje, če je storjeno naklepno, neposredno ali posredno terjanje ali sprejemanje kakršnih koli nedovoljenih koristi za katere koli javne uslužbence, zanje ali za kogar koli drugega, ali sprejemanje ponudbe ali obljube takšnih koristi zato, da bi opravili uradno dejanje ali da ga ne bi opravili. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v 2. in 3. členu, kadar vključuje osebo, ki je članica katerega koli domačega skupščinskega telesa, ki izvaja zakonodajna ali upravna pooblastila. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v 2. in 3. členu, če vključuje javnega uslužbenca iz druge države. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v 2. in 3. členu, če vključuje osebo, ki je članica katerega koli skupščinskega telesa, ki izvaja zakonska in upravna pooblastila v drugi državi. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje neposredno ali posredno obljubljanje, ponujanje ali dajanje kakršnih koli nedovoljenih koristi, če je to storjeno naklepno med opravljanjem poslovnih dejavnosti, katerim koli osebam, ki vodijo ali delajo na kakršnem koli položaju v zasebnem sektorju, za te osebe ali za kogar koli drugega, da bi opravile dejanje ali da ga ne bi opravile in s tem kršile svoje obveznosti. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje neposredno ali posredno terjanje ali sprejemanje, če je to storjeno naklepno med opravljanjem poslovnih dejavnosti, s strani oseb, ki vodijo ali delajo na kakršnem koli položaju v zasebnem sektorju, kakršnih koli nedovoljenih koristi ali obljub koristi za te osebe ali za kogar koli drugega ali sprejemanje ponudbe ali obljube takšnih koristi, da bi opravile dejanje ali da ga ne bi opravile in s tem kršile svoje obveznosti. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v 2. in 3. členu, kadar vključuje katerega koli funkcionarja ali drugega pogodbeno zaposlenega v okviru predpisov o uslužbencih katere koli mednarodne ali nadnacionalne organizacije ali telesa, v kateri je ta pogodbenica članica, in osebe, ki je bila ali ni bila detaširana in opravlja naloge, ustrezne tistim, ki jih opravljajo takšni funkcionarji ali zastopniki. Država sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v 4. členu, če se nanaša na člane parlamentarnih skupščin mednarodnih ali nadnacionalnih organizacij, katerih članica je pogodbenica. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v 2. in 3. členu, ki se nanaša na nosilce sodnih funkcij ali uslužbence katerega koli mednarodnega sodišča, katerega jurisdikcijo pogodbenica sprejema. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje neposredno ali posredno obljubljanje, dajanje ali ponujanje, če je to storjeno naklepno, kakršnih koli nedovoljenih koristi komur koli, ki trdi ali potrjuje, da je sposoben neprimerno vplivati na odločanje katere koli osebe, navedene v 2., 4. do 6. ter 9. do 11. členu, če je nedovoljena korist namenjena njemu ali komur koli drugemu, kakor tudi terjanje, prejemanje ali sprejem ponudbe ali obljube takšnih koristi ob upoštevanju takšnega vpliva, ne glede na to, ali je prišlo do vplivanja in ne glede na to, ali je domnevni vpliv pripeljal do nameravanega rezultata. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje ravnanje, navedeno v prvem in drugem odstavku 6. člena Konvencije o pranju, odkrivanju, zasegu in zaplembi premoženjske koristi, pridobljene s kaznivim dejanjem (ETS št.141), in pod pogoji, navedenimi v njej, kadar je predhodno kaznivo dejanje kaznivo dejanje, opredeljeno v skladu z 2. do 12. členom te konvencije, če pogodbenica ne izrazi pridržka ali ne da izjave v zvezi s temi kaznivimi dejanji ali jih ne šteje za težja kazniva dejanja v skladu s svojo zakonodajo o pranju denarja. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe v okviru notranjega prava, kot so potrebni, da opredeli kot dejanja, za katera so po njeni notranji zakonodaji zagrožene kazenske ali druge sankcije, naslednje storitve ali opustitve, storjene naklepno, da bi storili, prikrili ali zakrili dejanja, navedena v 2. do 12. členu, če pogodbenica ni izrazila pridržka ali ni dala izjave: a) izdelava ali uporaba računa ali druge računovodske listine ali zapisa, ki vsebuje lažne ali nepopolne informacije; b) nezakonita opustitev vpisa plačila. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da v svojem notranjem pravu opredeli kot kaznivo dejanje udeležbo pri izvršitvi kaznivega dejanja, določenega v skladu s to konvencijo. Določbe te konvencije ne vplivajo na določbe katere koli pogodbe, protokola ali statuta kot tudi na določbe njihovih izvedbenih besedil glede odvzema imunitete. 1. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni za določitev jurisdikcije za kaznivo dejanje, opredeljeno v skladu z 2. do 14. členom te konvencije, če: a) je kaznivo dejanje storjeno v celoti ali delno na njenem ozemlju; b) je storilec njen državljan, javni uslužbenec ali član enega od domačih skupščinskih teles; c) kaznivo dejanje vključuje javnega uslužbenca ali člana domačih skupščinskih teles ali osebo, navedeno v 9. do 11. členu, ki je hkrati tudi njen državljan. 2. Pogodbenica lahko ob podpisu ali ob deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu z izjavo, naslovljeno na generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope, izjavi, da si pridržuje pravico, da ne uporablja ali da samo v posebnih primerih uporablja pravila o jurisdikciji, določena v pododstavkih b) in c) prvega odstavka tega člena ali katerem koli njunem delu. 3. Če pogodbenica uporabi možnost pridržka iz drugega odstavka tega člena, sprejme takšne ukrepe, kot so potrebni za določitev jurisdikcije za kaznivo dejanje, opredeljeno v skladu s to konvencijo, kadar je domnevni storilec na njenem ozemlju in ga izključno zaradi njegovega državljanstva ne izroči drugi pogodbenici po zaprosilu za izročitev. 4. Ta konvencija ne izključuje kazenske jurisdikcije, ki jo pogodbenica izvaja v skladu z notranjim pravom. 1. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da se pravne osebe štejejo za odgovorne za kazniva dejanja aktivnega podkupovanja, nezakonitega posredovanja in pranja denarja, opredeljena v skladu s to konvencijo, ki jih v njihovo korist stori fizična oseba, ki deluje kot posameznik ali kot član organa pravne osebe z vodilnim položajem v pravni osebi, ki temelji na: – pooblastilu za zastopanje pravne osebe ali – pristojnosti za sprejemanje odločitev v imenu pravne osebe ali – pristojnosti za izvajanje nadzora v pravni osebi, kot tudi za vpletenost takšne fizične osebe kot soudeleženca ali napeljevalca k omenjenim kaznivim dejanjem. 2. Poleg primerov, navedenih v prvem odstavku, mora pogodbenica sprejeti potrebne ukrepe, da bi zagotovila, da se lahko pravna oseba šteje za odgovorno, kadar je pomanjkanje nadzora ali kontrole s strani fizične osebe, navedene v prvem odstavku, omogočilo, da je fizična oseba v korist pravne osebe storila kazniva dejanja, navedena v prvem odstavku. 3. Odgovornost pravne osebe, navedene v prvem in drugem odstavku, ne izključuje kazenskih postopkov zoper fizične osebe, ki so storilci, napeljevalci ali soudeleženci kaznivih dejanj, navedenih v prvem odstavku. 1. Ob upoštevanju teže kaznivih dejanj, določenih v skladu s to konvencijo, pogodbenica za kazniva dejanja, določena v 2. do 14. členu, zagotovi učinkovite, sorazmerne in odvračilne sankcije in ukrepe, vključno s kaznimi odvzema prostosti, ki lahko imajo za posledico izročitev, če so bili storilci fizične osebe. 2. Pogodbenica zagotovi, da so pravne osebe, odgovorne v skladu s prvim in drugim odstavkom 18. člena, podvržene učinkovitim, sorazmernim in odvračilnim kazenskim ali nekazenskim sankcijam, vključno z denarnimi sankcijami. 3. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da ji omogočijo zaplembo ali drugačen odvzem predmetov in premoženjske koristi iz kaznivih dejanj, določenih v skladu s to konvencijo, ali premoženja, ki po vrednosti ustreza tej premoženjski koristi. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da bi zagotovili specializacijo oseb ali enot za boj proti korupciji. Neodvisne morajo biti v skladu s temeljnimi načeli pravnega sistema pogodbenice, da se zagotovi učinkovito opravljanje njihovih nalog brez kakršnih koli nedovoljenih pritiskov. Pogodbenica zagotovi osebju takšnih enot ustrezno usposabljanje in finančne vire za njihove naloge. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne ukrepe, kot so potrebni, da bi zagotovili, da bodo državni organi kakor tudi kateri koli javni uslužbenec v skladu z notranjim pravom sodelovali s tistimi njenimi organi, ki so odgovorni za preiskovanje in pregon kaznivih dejanj: a) tako da obveščajo navedene organe na lastno pobudo, če obstajajo razlogi za sum, da je bilo storjeno kaznivo dejanje, navedeno v 2. do 14. členu, ali b) tako da omenjenim organom na zaprosilo priskrbijo vse potrebne informacije. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne ukrepe, kot so potrebni za zagotovitev učinkovite in ustrezne zaščite za: a) osebe, ki prijavijo kazniva dejanja, opredeljena v skladu z 2. do 14. členom, ali drugače sodelujejo s preiskovalnimi organi ali organi pregona; b) priče, ki pričajo o teh kaznivih dejanjih. 1. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni, vključno s tistimi, ki v skladu z njenim notranjim pravom dovoljujejo uporabo posebnih preiskovalnih metod, ki omogočajo lažje zbiranje dokazov v zvezi s kaznivimi dejanji, opredeljenimi v skladu z 2. do 14. členom te konvencije, ter za prepoznavanje, sledenje, zamrznitev in zaseg predmetov in premoženjske koristi iz korupcije ali premoženja, ki po vrednosti ustreza tej premoženjski koristi, za katero veljajo ukrepi, določeni v skladu s tretjim odstavkom 19. člena te konvencije. 2. Pogodbenica sprejme takšne zakonske in druge ukrepe, kot so potrebni za pooblastitev njenih sodišč ali drugih pristojnih organov, da odredijo, da se bančni, finančni ali komercialni zapisi dajo na razpolago ali se zasežejo, da bi izpolnila naloge, določene v prvem odstavku tega člena. 3. Bančna tajnost ne sme biti ovira za ukrepe, navedene v prvem in drugem odstavku tega člena. Skupina držav proti korupciji (GRECO) spremlja in nadzira izvajanje te konvencije v pogodbenicah. 1. Pogodbenice med seboj sodelujejo v največji možni meri v skladu z določbami ustreznih mednarodnih dokumentov o mednarodnem sodelovanju pri kazenskih zadevah ali z dogovori, ki temeljijo na enotni ali vzajemni zakonodaji, ter v skladu z notranjim pravom pri preiskavah in postopkih v zvezi s kaznivimi dejanji, določenimi v skladu s to konvencijo. 2. Če med pogodbenicami ne velja noben mednarodni dokument ali dogovor, naveden v prvem odstavku, se uporabljajo določbe 26. do 31. člena tega poglavja. 3. Določbe 26. do 31. člena se uporabljajo, tudi če so ugodnejše kot določbe mednarodnih dokumentov ali dogovorov, navedenih v prvem odstavku. 1. Pogodbenice si med seboj pomagajo v največji možni meri s sprotnim obravnavanjem zaprosil organov, ki imajo v skladu z njihovim notranjim pravom pooblastila za preiskovanje ali pregon kaznivih dejanj, določenih v skladu s to konvencijo. 2. Medsebojna pravna pomoč iz prvega odstavka tega člena se lahko zavrne, če zaprošena pogodbenica meni, da bi lahko ugoditev zaprosilu ogrozila njene temeljne interese, državno suverenost, državno varnost ali javni red. 3. Pogodbenice se ne sklicujejo na bančno tajnost kot podlago za zavrnitev kakršnega koli sodelovanja iz tega poglavja. Če je tako določeno v notranjem pravu, pogodbenica lahko zahteva, da mora zaprosilo za sodelovanje, ki bi vsebovalo tudi razkritje bančne tajnosti, odobriti bodisi sodnik ali drug sodni organ, vključno z državnim tožilcem, torej organi pregona kaznivih dejanj. 1. Kazniva dejanja, določena v skladu s to konvencijo, se štejejo, da so v sporazum o izročitvi, ki obstaja med dvema ali več pogodbenicami, vključena kot kazniva dejanja, za katera je predvidena izročitev. Pogodbenice soglašajo, da bodo vključile takšna kazniva dejanja kot kazniva dejanja, za katera je predvidena izročitev, v sporazum o izročitvi, ki bo sklenjen med dvema ali več pogodbenicami. 2. Če pogodbenica, ki pogojuje izročitev z obstojem sporazuma, prejme zaprosilo za izročitev od druge pogodbenice, s katero nima sporazuma o izročitvi, lahko šteje to konvencijo kot pravno podlago za izročitev pri kaznivem dejanju, določenem v skladu s to konvencijo. 3. Pogodbenice, ki izročitve ne pogojujejo z obstojem sporazuma, medsebojno priznavajo kazniva dejanja, določena v skladu s to konvencijo, kot kazniva dejanja, za katera je predvidena izročitev. 4. Za izročitev veljajo pogoji, določeni s pravom zaprošene države ali z veljavnimi sporazumi o izročitvi, vključno z razlogi, na podlagi katerih lahko zaprošena država zavrne izročitev. 5. Če je izročitev za kaznivo dejanje, določeno v skladu s to konvencijo, zavrnjena samo na podlagi državljanstva osebe iz zaprosila ali zato, ker zaprošena pogodbenica meni, da ima jurisdikcijo nad kaznivim dejanjem, zaprošena pogodbenica predloži primer svojim pristojnim organom zaradi pregona, razen če ni drugače dogovorjeno s pogodbenico prosilko, končno rešitev pa mora čim prej sporočiti pogodbenici prosilki. Brez vpliva na lastne preiskave ali postopke lahko pogodbenica brez predhodnega zaprosila drugi pogodbenici da informacije o dejstvih, kadar meni, da bi razkritje takšnih informacij lahko pomagalo drugi pogodbenici pri uvedbi ali vodenju preiskav ali postopkov v zvezi s kaznivimi dejanji, določenimi v skladu s to konvencijo, ali da bi lahko drugo pogodbenico spodbudilo k vložitvi zaprosila po tem poglavju. 1. Pogodbenice določijo osrednji organ ali po potrebi več osrednjih organov, odgovornih za pošiljanje zaprosil po tem poglavju in odgovarjanje nanje, za ugoditev takšnim zaprosilom ali za njihovo pošiljanje organom, ki so pristojni za njihovo ugoditev. 2. Pogodbenica ob podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu generalnemu sekretarju Sveta Evrope sporoči imena in naslove organov, določenih na podlagi prvega odstavka tega člena. 1. Osrednji organi se med seboj sporazumevajo neposredno. 2. V nujnih primerih lahko pravosodni organi pogodbenice prosilke vključno z javnim tožilstvom zaprosila za vzajemno pomoč ali s tem povezana sporočila pošiljajo neposredno ustreznim organom zaprošene pogodbenice. V takšnih primerih je treba kopijo hkrati poslati osrednjemu organu zaprošene pogodbenice preko osrednjega organa pogodbenice prosilke. 3. Zaprosilo ali sporočilo iz prvega in drugega odstavka tega člena se lahko pošlje preko Mednarodne organizacije kriminalistične policije (Interpol). 4. Če je zaprosilo iz drugega odstavka tega člena naslovljeno na organ, ki ni pristojen za njegovo obravnavanje, ga ta odstopi pristojnemu državnemu organu in o tem neposredno obvesti pogodbenico prosilko. 5. Zaprosila ali sporočila po drugem odstavku tega člena, ki ne vključujejo prisilnih ukrepov, lahko pristojni organi pogodbenice prosilke pošljejo neposredno pristojnim organom zaprošene pogodbenice. 6. Pogodbenica lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju svoje listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu obvesti generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope, da morajo biti zaprosila po tem poglavju zaradi večje učinkovitosti poslana njenemu osrednjemu organu. Zaprošena pogodbenica takoj obvesti pogodbenico prosilko o ukrepih, ki jih je sprejela na podlagi zaprosila po tem poglavju, in o končnih rezultatih njenega ukrepanja. Zaprošena pogodbenica prav tako nemudoma obvesti pogodbenico prosilko o vseh okoliščinah, ki onemogočajo zaprošeno ukrepanje ali ga utegnejo znatno zakasniti. 1. Konvencija bo na voljo za podpis državam članicam Sveta Evrope in državam nečlanicam, ki so sodelovale pri njeni pripravi. Te države lahko izrazijo svoje soglasje, da jih zavezuje: a) podpis brez pridržka glede ratifikacije, sprejetja ali odobritve ali b) podpis s pridržkom glede ratifikacije, sprejetja ali odobritve, ki mu sledi ratifikacija, sprejetje ali odobritev. 2. Listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju ali odobritvi se hranijo pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evrope. 3. Konvencija začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po datumu, ko je štirinajst držav izrazilo svoje soglasje, da jih ta konvencija zavezuje v skladu z določbami prvega odstavka. Država, ki ni članica Skupine držav proti korupciji (GRECO), ob ratifikaciji samodejno postane članica tisti dan, ko začne veljati konvencija. 4. Za državo podpisnico, ki kasneje izrazi svojo soglasje, da jo konvencija zavezuje, začne ta veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po datumu, ko je izrazila svoje soglasje, da jo konvencija zavezuje v skladu z določbami prvega odstavka. Država podpisnica, ki ob ratifikaciji ni članica Skupine držav proti korupciji (GRECO), samodejno postane članica tisti dan, ko začne konvencija veljati zanjo. 1. Po začetku veljavnosti konvencije lahko Odbor ministrov Sveta Evrope po posvetu z državami pogodbenicami konvencije povabi Evropsko skupnost kakor tudi državo, ki ni članica Sveta in ni sodelovala pri njeni pripravi, da pristopi h konvenciji, in sicer na podlagi odločitve, sprejete z večino glasov, kot je določeno v pododstavku d) 20. člena statuta Sveta Evrope, ter ob soglasno sprejetem sklepu predstavnikov držav pogodbenic, ki imajo pravico sodelovati v Odboru ministrov. 2. Za Evropsko skupnost in državo, ki k njej pristopi po prvem odstavku, začne ta konvencija veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po datumu deponiranja listine o pristopu pri generalnem sekretarju Sveta Evrope. Evropska skupnost in država, ki pristopi h konvenciji, samodejno postane članica GRECO tisti dan, ko začne zanjo veljati ta konvencija, če že ni bila članica ob pristopu. 1. Država lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu določi ozemlje ali ozemlja, za katera se ta konvencija uporablja. 2. Država lahko kadar koli kasneje z izjavo, naslovljeno na generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope, razširi uporabo konvencije na katero koli drugo ozemlje, navedeno v izjavi. Konvencija začne veljati za to ozemlje prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po datumu, ko je generalni sekretar prejel takšno izjavo. 3. Izjavo na podlagi prejšnjih odstavkov, ki se nanaša na ozemlje, posebej navedeno v taki izjavi, je mogoče preklicati z uradnim obvestilom, naslovljenim na generalnega sekretarja. Preklic začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev po dnevu, ko generalni sekretar prejme uradno obvestilo. 1. Konvencija ne vpliva na pravice in obveznosti, ki izhajajo iz mednarodnih večstranskih konvencij in se nanašajo na posebne zadeve. 2. Pogodbenice konvencije lahko med seboj sklepajo dvostranske ali večstranske sporazume o zadevah, ki jih obravnava ta konvencija, da dopolnijo in utrdijo njene določbe ali omogočijo lažjo uporabo v njej vsebovanih načel. 3. Če sta dve ali več pogodbenic že sklenili sporazum ali pogodbo v zvezi s področjem, ki ga obravnava ta konvencija, ali kako drugače uredili svoje odnose v zvezi s tem področjem, imata pravico, da namesto te konvencije uporabljata tak sporazum ali pogodbo ali da ustrezno uredita takšne odnose, če to olajšuje mednarodno sodelovanje. Država lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu izjavi, da bo kot kaznivo dejanje opredelila aktivno in pasivno podkupovanje tujih javnih uslužbencev po 5. členu, funkcionarjev mednarodnih organizacij po 9. členu ali sodnikov in uslužbencev mednarodnih sodišč po 11. členu, vendar le v obsegu, ko javni uslužbenec ali sodnik opravi uradno dejanje ali ga ne opravi in s tem krši svoje obveznosti. 1. Država si lahko ob podpisu ali ob deponiranju svoje listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu pridrži pravico, da v svojem notranjem pravu delno ali v celoti ne bo določila kot kaznivo ravnanje, navedeno v 4., 6. do 8., 10. in 12. členu, ali dejanje pasivnega podkupovanja, določeno v 5. členu. 2. Država lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu izjavi, da bo izkoristila pridržek, naveden v drugem odstavku 17. člena. 3. Država lahko ob podpisu ali deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu izjavi, da lahko zavrne medsebojno pravno pomoč po prvem odstavku 25. člena, če se zaprosilo nanaša na kaznivo dejanje, za katero zaprošena pogodbenica meni, da je politično kaznivo dejanje. 4. Nobena država ne more ob uporabi prvega, drugega in tretjega odstavka tega člena izraziti pridržkov glede več kot petih navedenih določb. Drugi pridržki niso mogoči. Istovrstni pridržki glede 4., 6. in 10. člena se štejejo kot en pridržek. 1. Izjave, navedene v 36. členu, in pridržki, navedeni v 37. členu, veljajo za obdobje treh let od dneva začetka veljavnosti te konvencije za določeno državo. Vendar pa je mogoče te izjave in pridržke obnoviti za enako dolgo obdobje. 2. Dvanajst mesecev pred potekom veljavnosti izjave ali pridržka generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope obvesti določeno državo o tem poteku. Najkasneje tri mesece pred potekom država obvesti generalnega sekretarja, da potrjuje, dopolnjuje ali preklicuje svojo izjavo ali pridržek. Če določena država ne pošlje uradnega obvestila, generalni sekretar obvesti to državo, da se šteje, da je bila njena izjava ali pridržek samodejno podaljšana za šest mesecev. Če država ne sporoči svojega namena za potrditev ali spremembo svoje izjave ali pridržka pred potekom tega roka, to povzroči prenehanje veljavnosti izjave ali pridržka. 3. Če pogodbenica da izjavo ali pridržek v skladu s 36. in 37. členom, mora pred obnovitvijo ali na zaprosilo skupini GRECO pojasniti razloge, ki utemeljujejo podaljšanje izjave ali pridržka. 1. Spremembe te konvencije lahko predlaga katera koli pogodbenica, generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope pa jih sporoči državam članicam Sveta Evrope ter državi nečlanici, ki je pristopila ali je bila povabljena, da pristopi k tej konvenciji v skladu z določbami 33. člena. 2. Vse spremembe, ki jih predlaga pogodbenica, se sporočijo Evropskemu odboru za problematiko kriminalitete (CDPC), ki sporoči svoje mnenje o predlagani spremembi Odboru ministrov. 3. Odbor ministrov prouči predlagano spremembo ter mnenje, ki ga je poslal CDPC, in lahko po posvetu z državami nečlanicami, pogodbenicami te konvencije, sprejme spremembo. 4. Besedilo katere koli spremembe, ki jo je v skladu s tretjim odstavkom tega člena sprejel Odbor ministrov, se pošlje pogodbenicam v sprejem. 5. Sprememba in dopolnitev, sprejeta v skladu s tretjim odstavkom tega člena, začne veljati trideseti dan po tem, ko so vse pogodbenice obvestile generalnega sekretarja, da so jo sprejele. 1. Evropski odbor za problematiko kriminalitete Sveta Evrope mora biti obveščen o razlagi in uporabi te konvencije. 2. Morebiten spor med pogodbenicami pri razlagi in uporabi te konvencije skušajo pogodbenice razrešiti s pogajanji ali na drug miren način po svoji izbiri, vključno s predložitvijo spora Evropskemu odboru za problematiko kriminalitete, arbitražnemu sodišču, katerega odločitve so obvezujoče za pogodbenice, ali Meddržavnemu sodišču, kot se dogovorijo pogodbenice. 1. Pogodbenica lahko kadar koli odpove to konvencijo z uradnim obvestilom, naslovljenim na generalnega sekretarja Sveta Evrope. 2. Takšna odpoved začne veljati prvi dan meseca po poteku treh mesecev od dneva, ko je generalni sekretar prejel uradno obvestilo. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope obvesti države članice Sveta in vse države, ki so pristopile k tej konvenciji, o: a) podpisu; b) deponiranju listine o ratifikaciji, sprejetju, odobritvi ali pristopu; f) datumu začetka veljavnosti te konvencije v skladu z 32. in 33. členom; f) izjavi ali pridržku na podlagi določb 36. ali 37. člena; e) drugem dejanju, uradnem obvestilu ali sporočilu v zvezi s to konvencijo. Da bi to potrdili, so podpisniki, ki so bili pravilno pooblaščeni, podpisali to konvencijo. Sestavljeno v Strasbourgu, 27. januarja 1999, v enem izvodu, ki se hrani v arhivu Sveta Evrope, v angleškem in francoskem jeziku, pri čemer sta besedili enako verodostojni. Generalni sekretar Sveta Evrope pošlje overjene kopije državam članicam Sveta Evrope, državam nečlanicam, ki so sodelovale pri pripravi te konvencije, ter vsem državam, povabljenim, da k njej pristopijo.